Table 2.
Distribution of culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages
| Total (%) | A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Culture | |||||
| Normal flora | 72 (63.1) | 10 | 19 | 20 | 23 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 12 (10.5) | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 10 (8.8) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 5 (4.4) | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 5 (4.4) | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 5 (4.4) | 5 | |||
| Escherichia coli | 2 (1.7) | 2 | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2 (1.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 (0.9) | 1 | |||
| Bacterial isolation total (%) | 36.8 | 28.5 | 36.6 | 31 | 43.9 |
| PCRa | |||||
| Negative | 40 (35.1) | 6 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| S. pneumoniae | 18 (15.8) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| H. influenzae | 18 (15.8) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| S. pneumoniae + H. influenzae | 8 (7) | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| M. catarrhalis | 7 (6.1) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| K. pneumoniae | 7 (6.1) | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| S. pneumoniae + M. catarrhalis | 6 (5.3) | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| E. coli | 3 (2.6) | 1 | 2 | ||
| H. influenzae + M. catarrhalis | 3 (2.6) | 2 | 1 | ||
| M. pneumoniae | 2 (1.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| S. aureus + H. influenzae | 2 (1.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bacterial isolation total (%) | 64.9 | 57.1 | 63.3 | 62 | 70.7 |
Note:
a
The PCR kit has no ability to detect P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii.