Table 1.

Characteristic Antigens of the Microglial Phenotypes

Phenotype	Cytokines/chemokines	Receptors	Enzymes	Other markers
Surveilling	Low	CXCR2	Low iNOS
		CD172a	low ARG1
		CD200R1
		Low IBA-1
		Low F4/80
M1-profile	IL-6	MHCII	iNOS
	IL-1	C-type lectins	COX1
	IL-12p40	CAT2
	TNF	CD8
	IFN	F4/80
		IBA-1
		MARCO
		RAGE
M2-profile	IL-4	MHCII	ARG1	YM-1
	IL-5	C-type lectins	Lack of iNOS	FIZZ1
	IL-13	CAT2	sphk1/2	SOCS3
	IL-10	MR
	TGF	DC-SIGN
	CCL-18	IL-4Rα
		IL-1Rα
		CD36
		CD136

ARG1 arginase 1; CAT2, cationic amino-acid transporter 2; CCL-18, chemokine 18; CD172a, receptor for CD47; CD200R1, receptor for CD200; CXCR2, receptor for CXC3-chemokine ligand-1; DC-SIGN, dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing integrin; FIZZ1, found in inflammatory zone; IBA-1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; IFN, interferon; IL-1, interleukin 1; IL-1Ra interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IL-4Rα, interleukin 4 receptor α; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12p40, interleukin 12 p40 subunit; IL-13, interleukin 13; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MARCO, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure; MHCII, major histocompatibility antigen II; MR, manose receptor; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts; SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; sphk, sphingosine kinase; TGF-b, tumor growth factor b; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; YM-1, mouse homolog chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1).