Table 3.
Logistic regression analyses of maternal pre-pregnancy problem drinking and internalizing behavior problems in children aged 18 and 36 months, adjusted for potential confounders
| Adjustment levels | 18 months (N = 56,682) | 36 months (N = 46,759) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Crude estimate | 1.50*** | 1.27–1.75 | 1.70*** | 1.48–1.96 |
| Child gender (reference: boy) | 1.50*** | 1.27–1.75 | 1.70*** | 1.48–1.96 |
| Birthweight by gestational age | 1.48*** | 1.26–1.74 | 1.68*** | 1.46–1.93 |
| Maternal age at birth | 1.44*** | 1.22–1.69 | 1.64*** | 1.43–1.89 |
| Number of older siblings | 1.47*** | 1.25–1.72 | 1.56*** | 1.35–1.80 |
| Maternal civil status (reference: married) | 1.42*** | 1.21–1.67 | 1.61*** | 1.39–1.85 |
| Completed educationa (reference ≥4 years university) | 1.40*** | 1.19–1.64 | 1.61*** | 1.40–1.85 |
| Household incomea | 1.42*** | 1.21–1.67 | 1.63*** | 1.42–1.88 |
| Recent financial problems | 1.38*** | 1.17–1.62 | 1.58*** | 1.37–1.82 |
| Alcohol consumption in pregnancyb | ||||
| Week 0–12 | 1.48*** | 1.26–1.74 | 1.66*** | 1.44–1.92 |
| Week 13–24 | 1.49*** | 1.27–1.75 | 1.71*** | 1.49–1.97 |
| Week 25+ | 1.50*** | 1.28–1.76 | 1.72*** | 1.49–1.98 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 1.42*** | 1.21–1.67 | 1.62*** | 1.40–1.86 |
| Current alcohol consumptionc | 1.58*** | 1.34–1.85 | 1.72*** | 1.49–1.99 |
| Maternal anxiety/depression | 1.26** | 1.07–1.48 | 1.45*** | 1.25–1.67 |
| Maternal ADHDd | 1.30** | 1.10–1.52 | 1.42*** | 1.23–1.64 |
| Adjusted for all covariates | 1.17 | 0.98–1.38 | 1.23** | 1.06–1.43 |
aMaternal completed education and household income measured at Q1
bFrequency, quantity and binge drinking
cFrequency and quantity
dMaternal ADHD screened when child is 36 months (Q6)
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001