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. 2014 Aug 25;35(10):1274–1284. doi: 10.1038/aps.2014.70

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Arctigenin increased AMPK phosphorylation and regulated its downstream antioxidant-related pathways. (A–C) Differentiated L6 cells were incubated with arctigenin (1, 5, and 20 μmol/L) or DMSO for 2 h. After harvesting, the total- and phospho-AMPK (A), the total- and phospho-p53 (B), and the Nrf2 in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm (C) were determined by Western blotting. (D) Differentiated L6 cells were incubated with arctigenin (1, 5, and 20 μmol/L) or DMSO for 24 h. The expression levels of Cu,Zn-SOD, Txn, Gsr, GPX1, UCP2, p21, PPARα, and PGC-1α were measured by qRT-PCR. GAPDH RNA was used as an internal control for calculating mRNA fold changes. (E) Differentiated L6 cells were incubated with arctigenin (1, 5, and 20 μmol/L) or DMSO for 24 h. The levels of ATP were determined. The results shown were validated by three independent experiments. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM. bP<0.05, cP<0.01. one-way ANOVA.