Fig. 4.

Measurement of p65 nuclear translocation and oxidative stress. A–D: immunostaining of heart sections for p65 to demonstrate nuclear localization, as a measure of NF-κB activity, in control and diabetic (STZ) WT and 3M mice. Green color represents p65, blue represents nuclei, and red represents phalloidin staining. E: numbers of p65-positive nuclei, indicated by white arrows, were counted (∼4,000 nuclei from 5–6 images/heart, 4–5 animals/group) and plotted as percentage of total nuclei. +P = 0. 06 vs. respective control mice. F–I: oxidative stress was measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining (red) of heart sections. Representative confocal images of DHE staining for WT and 3M mice are shown. J: DHE staining intensity was normalized to section area and plotted. *P < 0.05 vs. respective control mice; #P = 0.05 vs. control WT mice.