Table 1.
Measures of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in the CARTA studies
| Study | Psychological Distress | Depression | Anxiety |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1958BC | CIS-R | CIS-R | CIS-R |
| ALSPAC children | CIS-R | CIS-R | CIS-R |
| ALSPAC mothers | EPDS or CCEI | EPDS | CCEI |
| BRHS | Clinician diagnosis (lifetime) | ||
| BWHHS | Clinician diagnosis (lifetime) | ||
| CaPS | GHQ-30 | STAI | |
| CHDS | CIDI (previous 12 months) | CIDI (previous 12 months) | CIDI (previous 12 months) |
| CoLaus | DIGS | DIGS | DIGS |
| ELSA | CES-D or clinician diagnosis of anxiety | CES-D (8-item) | Clinician diagnosis (lifetime) |
| FINRISK | Clinician diagnosis (previous 12 months) | ||
| Generation Scotland | GHQ-28 | SCIDI/NP (Lifetime diagnosis) | |
| GOYA females | Clinician diagnosis (since giving birth) | Clinician diagnosis (since giving birth) | Clinician diagnosis (since giving birth) |
| HBCS | CES-D or STAI | CES-D (20 items) | STAI |
| Health2006 | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R |
| Health2008 | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R |
| HUNT | HADS | HADS | HADS |
| Inter99 | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R | SCL-90-R |
| NFBC1966 | SCL-25 | SCL-25 | SCL-25 |
| NFBC1986 | YSR | YSR | YSR |
| NHANES | DIS (lifetime diagnosis) | ||
| NSHD | GHQ-28 | ||
| NTR | ASR | ASR | ASR |
| Patch 2 | SCID (lifetime diagnosis) | ||
| Rotterdam | CES-D or M-CIDI | CES-D (20 items) | M-CIDI |
| SYS-P | CES-D or DSM instrument | CES-D (12 items) | 10 question DSM-based instrument |
| Whitehall II | GHQ-30 |
All scales measure current depression and anxiety unless otherwise stated. Clinician diagnosis was assessed by self-reported recall in all studies.
ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ASR, Adult Self Report; BC, Birth Cohort; BRHS, British Regional Heart Study; BWHHS, British Women's Heart and Health Study; CARTA, Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol; CCEI, Crown–Crisp Experiential Index; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CHDS, Christchurch Health and Development Study; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIS-R, Computerised interview schedule-revised; CoLaus, Cohorte Lausannoise; DIGS, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies; DIS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule; ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; GOYA, Genomics of Overweight Young Adults; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HBCS, Helsinki Birth Cohort Study M-CIDI, Munich version of CIDI; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NSHD, National Survey of Health and Development; NTR, the Netherlands Twin Registry; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R diagnosis; SCIDI/NP, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis disorders non-patient edition; SCL, symptoms checklist; STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; YSR, Youth Self Report.