Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristics | Overall (N=1946) | Women (N=879) | Men (N=1067) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 45.0±6.2 | 46.2±5.7 | 44.0±6.4 |
| Current smoking | 288 (14.8) | 126 (14.3) | 162 (15.2) |
| Heavy drinking | 251 (13) | 102 (11.7) | 149 (14.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 119±14 | 117±16 | 121±13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77±9 | 74±9 | 79±9 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 95.4±14.4 | 90.4±15.4 | 99.5±11.9 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4±5.3 | 26.5±5.9 | 28.2±4.5 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 62±10 | 63±10 | 61±10 |
| Weight, kg | 81.1±18.2 | 71.3±16.6 | 89.2±15.2 |
| AV nodal medications | 132 (6.8) | 62 (7.1) | 70 (6.6) |
| Prevalent hypertension | 411 (21.1) | 148 (16.8) | 263 (24.6) |
| Diabetes | 71 (3.6) | 24 (2.7) | 47 (4.4) |
| Hormone replacement treatment | 85 (9.7) | — | |
| Post‐menopausal | 221 (25.1) | — | |
| Pericardial fat, cm3 | 105±38 | 92±34 | 116±38 |
| Visceral fat, cm3 | 1603±920 | 1127±718 | 1995±882 |
| Intrathoracic fat, cm3 | 88±60 | 52±32 | 117±61 |
| PR interval, ms | 160 (140 to 170) | 150 (140 to 160) | 160 (150 to 180) |
| P wave duration, ms | 104 (98 to 112) | 102 (94 to 110) | 108 (100 to 114) |
| P wave amplitude, μV | 112 (92 to 131) | 112 (92 to 136) | 110 (92 to 126) |
| P wave area, μV·ms | 307 (248 to 365) | 308 (238 to 367) | 307 (252 to 363) |
| P wave terminal force, μV·ms | 1488 (0 to 2457) | 1368 (0 to 2340) | 1584 (0 to 2584) |
Continuous measures are mean±SD and categorical measures No (%). Heavy alcohol consumption is defined as ≥15 drinks per week in men and ≥8 drinks per week in women. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal medications include beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine and non‐dihydropyridine), cardiac glycosides, and Class I and III antiarrhythmic medications. P wave indices: expressed as median (Q1 to Q3).