Table 4.

Sex‐Stratified Multivariable^* Models of Pericardial Fat and P Wave Indices With Additional Adjustment (+) for Visceral Fat, Intrathoracic Fat, and BMI

Model	Adipose Variable Measures	Women			Male
		Beta	SE	P Value	Beta	SE	P Value
PR interval
Pericardial fat	Pericardial	1.7	0.9	0.049	−0.2	0.7	0.82
+Visceral fat	Pericardial	0.6	1.0	0.59	−1.1	0.8	0.18
	Visceral	2.4	1.3	0.06	2.1	0.9	0.023
+Intrathoracic fat	Pericardial	1.5	1.1	0.18	−0.8	0.9	0.35
	Intrathoracic	0.5	1.9	0.78	1.2	0.8	0.17
+BMI	Pericardial	0.5	0.9	0.58	−1.3	0.8	0.09
	BMI	2.2	0.8	0.005	3.5	0.9	<0.001
P wave duration
Pericardial fat	Pericardial	2.3	0.4	<0.001	1.2	0.4	0.002
+Visceral fat	Pericardial	1.4	0.5	0.009	1.0	0.4	0.033
	Visceral	2.1	0.7	0.002	0.5	0.5	0.28
+Intrathoracic fat	Pericardial	1.5	0.6	0.009	1.0	0.5	0.030
	Intrathoracic	2.3	1.0	0.018	0.4	0.5	0.43
+BMI	Pericardial	1.3	0.5	0.005	0.7	0.4	0.08
	BMI	1.8	0.4	<0.001	1.5	0.5	0.002
P wave amplitude
Pericardial fat	Pericardial	−1.1	1.3	0.38	−3.2	0.9	<0.001
+Visceral fat	Pericardial	3.0	1.6	0.06	−2.1	1.0	0.043
	Visceral	−8.9	1.9	<0.001	−2.5	1.1	0.029
+Intrathoracic fat	Pericardial	2.6	1.7	0.12	−2.0	1.1	0.06
	Intrathoracic	−10.1	2.9	<0.001	−2.2	1.0	0.037
+BMI	Pericardial	1.1	1.4	0.45	−2.7	1.0	0.005
	BMI	−4.2	1.2	<0.001	−1.6	1.1	0.16
P wave area
Pericardial fat	Pericardial	4.7	3.7	0.21	−5.6	2.9	0.06
+Visceral fat	Pericardial	11.3	4.5	0.012	−1.6	3.4	0.64
	Visceral	−14.4	5.6	0.010	−8.7	3.7	0.020
+Intrathoracic fat	Pericardial	10.5	4.8	0.029	−2.8	3.5	0.43
	Intrathoracic	−15.6	8.3	0.06	−5.1	3.4	0.14
+BMI	Pericardial	7.2	4.1	0.08	−3.7	3.2	0.25
	BMI	−4.6	3.4	0.17	−5.9	3.7	0.10
P wave terminal force
Pericardial fat	Pericardial	297.3	51.5	<0.001	160	51.1	0.002
+Visceral fat	Pericardial	140.9	61.9	0.023	84.2	59.1	0.15
	Visceral	339.8	76.6	<0.001	164.4	64.9	0.011
+Intrathoracic fat	Pericardial	117.2	66.2	0.08	104.1	60.8	0.09
	Intrathoracic	483.3	113.3	<0.001	100.2	59.3	0.09
+BMI	Pericardial	169.6	56.4	0.003	127.9	55.1	0.020
	BMI	239.3	46	<0.001	98.1	63.6	0.12

BMI indicates body mass index; SE, standard error.

^*Multivariable models adjusted for indicated adiposity measures and age, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, AV nodal medications (beta‐blocker, dihydropyridine and non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, cardiac glycosides, Class I and III antiarrhythmic medications), hormone replacement therapy in women, prevalent hypertension or hypertension treatment, diabetes, and menopausal status in women.