Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2014 Apr 25;3(2):e000693. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000693

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2014 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 12. — Schematic diagram of mitochondrial metabolic and redox signaling pathways during cardiomyocyte differentiation. A, During differentiation from Flk1⁺ MPCs to cardiomyocytes, cellular metabolism is changed from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. CsA binds to cycophilin D which is a mitochondrial matrix protein that inhibits mPTP. Inhibition of mPTP activates the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from Flk1⁺ MPCs. Addition of antioxidant with CsA profoundly augments cardiomyocyte differentiation. B, Estimation and comparison of the absolute number of cardiomyocytes generated from one ESC differentiated under control vehicle, CsA and CsA with antioxidants treatment. CsA indicates cyclosporin A; ESC, embryonic stem cell; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; MPCs, mesodermal precursor cells; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; PSC, pluripotent stem cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species.