Contamination of blood cultures |
Blood cultures are positive for growth due to organisms that were not present in the bloodstream |
Bacteremia |
Presence of viable bacteria in the blood; blood cultures positive for bacterial growth where contamination has been ruled out |
Fungemia |
Presence of viable fungi in the blood; blood cultures positive for fungal growth where contamination has been ruled out |
Transient bacteremia/fungemia |
Brief episode of bacteremia/fungemia that is not associated with infection |
Bloodstream infection |
Bacteremia/fungemia that is associated with infection |
Hospital-onset bloodstream infection |
Bloodstream infection that is first identified (culture drawn) ≥48 h after hospital admission and within 48 h following hospital discharge |
Community-onset bloodstream infection |
Bloodstream infection occurring in an outpatient or first identified (culture drawn) <48 h following admission to hospital |
Health care-associated community-onset bloodstream infection |
Community-onset bloodstream infection associated with significant prior health care exposure (as evidenced by recent hospitalization, specialized in-home medical services, care in a hospital-based clinic or hemodialysis unit, or residence in a nursing home) |
Community-associated community-onset bloodstream infection |
Community-onset bloodstream infection not fulfilling criteria for health care-associated infection |
Polymicrobial bloodstream infection |
Episode of bloodstream infection associated with two or more different organisms isolated within 48 h of each other |