TABLE 2.
Studies of human astrovirus prevalence in stool
| Region and country (setting, period of study) | Age (yr) of study population | Astrovirus prevalence (%) | Detection method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Africa | ||||
| Egypt (rural, 1995–1998) | <2 | 26.7 | EIA | 237 |
| Tunisia (urban and rural 2003–2005) | <5 | 6.0 | EIA | 306 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||
| Botswana (urban, 2001–2002) | <5 | 2.7 | EIA | 245 |
| Kenya (urban and rural 1999–2005) | <5 | 5.3 | EIA | 246 |
| Ghana (urban, 2005–2006) | <12 | 4.8 | RT-PCR | 247 |
| Asia | ||||
| Thailand (urban, 1985–1987) | <5 | 8.6 | EIA | 239 |
| Japan (urban and rural 1982–1992) | Children of all age groups, mostly <10 | 18 | EIA | 249 |
| China (urban and rural, 1998–2005) | <5 | 5.5 | EIA plus RT-PCR | 307 |
| Vietnam (urban, 2005–2006) | <3 | 13.9 | RT-PCR | 241 |
| India (urban, 2004–2008) | <8 years, adults | 3.1 | RT-PCR | 308 |
| Japan (urban 2008–2009) | Children of all age groups | 1.7 | RT-PCR | 250 |
| North America | ||||
| Mexico (rural, 1992–1995) | <3 | 61 | EIA and RT-PCR | 94 |
| USA (urban, 1993–1994) | <3 | 20 | EIA | 266 |
| USA (urban, 1996–1997) | Children of all age groups, mostly <3 | 6.9 | EIA | 230 |
| Central America | ||||
| Guatemala (rural, 1987–1989) | <3 | 38.6 | EIA | 33 |
| South America | ||||
| Chile (urban, 1985–1987; 1993–1995) | <3 | 23.5 | EIA | 240 |
| Brazil (urban, 1990–1992) | <2 | 5.8 | EIA plus RT-PCR | 265 |
| Argentina (urban, 1995–1998) | <3 | 3.7 | EIA plus RT-PCR | 267 |
| Colombia and Venezuela (urban, 1997–1999) | <5 | 5.0 | EIA | 167 |
| Europe | ||||
| France (urban, 1995–1998) | <3 | 6.0 | EIA | 242 |
| Spain (urban, 1997–2000) | Children of all age groups, Mostly <5 | 4.9 | RT-PCR | 164 |
| Italy (urban, 1999–2000) | <2 | 3.1 | EIA | 264 |
| Germany (urban, 2000) | All ages | 1.2 | EIA | 276 |
| France (urban, 2007) | <5 | 1.8 | EIA | 248 |
| Oceania | ||||
| Australia (urban, 1995) | <5 | 4.2 | Northern (RNA) dot blot | 35 |