Table 2.

Association of Epidemiologic Variables in the Discovery Cohort

Description	Measurement	Analysis 1: ROP vs. No ROP		Analysis 2: Severe ROP vs. Nonsevere ROP		Analysis 3: Severe ROP vs. Nonsevere ROP or No ROP
		Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Antenatal steroids administered	Yes/No	0.56 (0.37–0.85)	0.0067	0.78 (0.47–1.25)	0.2907	0.65 (0.41–1.04)	0.071
Any mechanical ventilation prior to status	Yes/No	8.28 (4.42–15.52)	4.02E-11	3.58 (0.46–27.64)	0.2216	10.48 (1.44–76.57)	0.0206
Infant's birth weight, g	Continuous	0.996 (0.994–0.997)	1.49E-11	0.996 (0.994–0.998)	1.22E-05	0.995 (0.99–0.997)	4.12E-09
Consensus bronchopulmonary dysplasia	Yes/No	2.56 (2.11–3.10)	5.21E-22	1.67 (1.31–2.14)	4.68E-05	2.04 (1.63–2.56)	6.79E-10
Traditional bronchopulmonary dysplasia	Yes/No	4.77 (3.30–6.90)	8.05E-17	2.26 (1.39–3.66)	0.001	3.56 (2.23–5.68)	1.07E-07
Positive culture for Candida	Yes/No	1.97 (0.998–3.88)	0.0505	2.69 (1.42–5.08)	0.0024	3.05 (1.67–5.58)	0.0003
Cerebral palsy	Yes/No	3.57 (1.80–7.10)	0.0003	3.82 (2.20–6.65)	2.08E-06	4.91 (2.89–8.36)	4.50E-09
Early-onset septicemia/bacteremia	Yes/No	>999.999(−<0.001–>999.999)	0.984	1.07 (0.22–5.20)	0.9383	1.68 (0.34–8.20)	0.5212
Gestational age, wk	Continuous	0.60 (0.54–0.66)	5.14E-23	0.58 (0.49–0.69)	1.27E-09	0.52 (0.44–0.61)	5.24E-15
Intraventricular hemorrhage	Yes/No	1.35 (0.27–6.76)	0.7128	1.87 (0.34–10.36)	0.473	1.96 (0.39–9.85)	0.4137
Severe IVH, grade 3 or 4	Yes/No	1.998 (1.13–3.54)	0.0176	2.07 (1.18–3.65)	0.0116	2.44 (1.42–4.19)	0.0013
Most severe grade of IVH	Continuous	1.31 (1.13–1.53)	0.0006	1.21 (1.04–1.42)	0.0174	1.295 (1.11–1.51)	0.0008
Late-onset culture-positive septicemia/bacteremia	Yes/No	1.87 (1.33–2.62)	0.0003	1.98 (1.27–3.08)	0.0024	2.34 (1.53–3.59)	8.98E-05
Mechanical ventilation	Yes/No	8.28 (4.42–15.52)	4.02E-11	3.58 (0.46–27.64)	0.2216	10.48 (1.44–76.57)	0.0206
Meningitis	Yes/No	0.70 (0.33–1.47)	0.3453	1.34 (0.47–3.81)	0.5819	1.13 (0.42–3.004)	0.812
Moderate or severe cerebral palsy	Yes/No	5.69 (1.73–18.74)	0.0042	3.565 (1.76–7.24)	0.0004	4.90 (2.47–9.74)	5.74E-06
Proven NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)	Yes/No	1.03 (0.57–1.87)	0.9188	0.80 (0.34–1.87)	0.6059	0.82 (0.36–1.87)	0.6387
Age when NEC diagnosed, d	Continuous	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.1021	1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.4874	1.004 (0.97–1.04)	0.8324
NEC: no (0), medical (1), or surgical (2)	Continuous	1.11 (0.74–1.66)	0.6215	0.925 (0.54–1.58)	0.7762	0.96 (0.57–1.63)	0.8834
NEC surgery	Yes/No	1.64 (0.60–4.47)	0.3356	1.065 (0.34–3.31)	0.9135	1.24 (0.41–3.72)	0.7037
Antibiotics used during admission	Yes/No	1.39 (0.995–1.95)	0.0537	1.43 (0.87–2.36)	0.1583	1.58 (0.98–2.56)	0.0632
Had at least 1 prenatal care visit	Yes/No	0.48 (0.25–0.91)	0.0243	0.71 (0.37–1.37)	0.3097	0.58 (0.31–1.097)	0.0945
Gravida	Yes/No	1.06 (0.98–1.15)	0.1717	1.001 (0.90–1.11)	0.9887	1.02 (0.92–1.13)	0.6925
Head circumference, cm	Continuous	0.63 (0.57–0.71)	1.04E-15	0.73 (0.64–0.84)	9.14E-06	0.655 (0.57–0.75)	4.20E-10
Antepartum hemorrhage	Yes/No	2.29 (1.36–3.87)	0.002	1.245 (0.72–2.16)	0.433	1.57 (0.93–2.68)	0.0947
Hypertension/pre-eclampsia/eclampsia	Yes/No	0.36 (0.25–0.50)	3.53E-09	0.36 (0.19–0.70)	0.0028	0.26 (0.13–0.49)	3.82E-05
Diabetes, insulin dependent	Yes/No	0.73 (0.34–1.56)	0.4123	0.73 (0.21–2.59)	0.6305	0.66 (0.197–2.23)	0.5059
Mother's age, y	Continuous	0.98 (0.95–0.999)	0.0418	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.5763	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.272
Parity	Yes/No	1.04 (0.93–1.16)	0.5359	0.98 (0.85–1.14)	0.8172	0.995 (0.86–1.15)	0.9515
Tocolytics use	Yes/No	1.13 (0.81–1.58)	0.488	1.595 (1.02–2.49)	0.0401	1.605 (1.05–2.46)	0.03
Head circumference at 36 wk, cm	Continuous	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.2404	0.84 (0.74–0.95)	0.0064	0.82 (0.73–0.93)	0.0022
Weight at 36 wk, g	Continuous	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.2339	1.00 (0.999–1.000)	0.5431	1.00 (0.999–1.00)	0.7982
Patent ductus arteriosus	Yes/No	2.84 (2.03–3.98)	1.33E-09	3.11 (1.89–5.12)	8.38E-06	4.145 (2.55–6.73)	8.72E-09
Periventricular leukomalacia	Yes/No	1.25 (0.55–2.84)	0.6034	1.42 (0.54–3.72)	0.4769	1.49 (0.59–3.73)	0.3979
Race, 3 levels: 1 = black, 2 = white, 3 = other	Continuous	1.06 (0.78–1.43)	0.7141	0.93 (0.62–1.41)	0.7334	0.96 (0.65–1.42)	0.8252
Race, 6 levels: 1 = black or African American; 2 = white; 3 = American Indian or Alaska Native; 4 = Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander; 5 = more than 1 race; 6 = Other	Continuous	1.00 (0.77–1.31)	0.9862	0.93 (0.63–1.37)	0.7137	0.94 (0.66–1.34)	0.7382
Race/Hispanic origin, levels: 1 = non-Hispanic black; 2 = non-Hispanic white; 3 = Hispanic or Latino; 4 = other	Continuous	1.16 (0.95–1.42)	0.1348	0.92 (0.70–1.19)	0.51	0.97 (0.75–1.25)	0.8206
Indicator of seizure activity	Yes/No	2.60 (1.30–5.21)	0.007	2.72 (1.49–4.94)	0.001	3.32 (1.88–5.88)	3.74E-05
Any sepsis, early or late onset	Yes/No	1.98 (1.41–2.78)	7.07E-05	2.04 (1.31–3.18)	0.0017	2.45 (1.60–3.77)	4.10E-05
1 = male, 2 = female, 3 = ambiguous	Continuous	0.74 (0.53–1.02)	0.0643	0.85 (0.55–1.32)	0.4781	0.775 (0.51–1.18)	0.2319
Small for gestational age (<10th percentile for gestational age)	Yes/No	0.38 (0.25–0.57)	2.71E-06	0.40 (0.17–0.97)	0.0418	0.28 (0.12–0.66)	0.0036
Days of ventilation within 28 d	Continuous	1.11 (1.09–1.13)	1.06E-30	1.12 (1.08–1.16)	1.12E-09	1.14 (1.10–1.18)	1.07E-14
Total days of ventilation	Continuous	1.05 (1.04–1.06)	1.48E-21	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	1.52E-11	1.03 (1.03–1.04)	1.55E-18

CI, confidence interval; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage.