Figure 3.

Development of midday oxygen isotope signatures within the ecosystem from April to November 2011; (A–D) ambient water vapor δ¹⁸O at 9 m height; (E–H) δ¹⁸O of precipitation (black circles) and δ¹⁸O of soil water at the evaporating site on vegetation plots at the open (white triangles) and tree site (gray triangles, mean values ± SD, n = 3); (I–L) measured δ¹⁸O of evapotranspiration on the open (white circles) and tree site (gray circles, mean values ± SD, n = 3); (M–P) modeled δ¹⁸O of evaporated vapor from vegetation plots on the open (white triangles) and the tree site (gray triangles) and modeled δ¹⁸O of herbaceous leaf transpired vapor at the open (white circles) and the tree site (gray circles).