TABLE 1 ] .
Demographic and Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Placebo and Treatment Groups
| Group, Mean (SD) | |||
| Clinical Characteristics | Placebo (n = 41) | Treatment (n = 39) | P Value |
| Age, y | 64.6 (7.3) | 66.3 (8.2) | .33 |
| Sex, male (female) | 23 (18) | 19 (20) | .51 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 (4.0) | 25.0 (5.8) | .51 |
| FFMI, kg/m2 | 17.0 (2.1) | 17.3 (2.6) | .60 |
| Smoking, pack-y | 53.3 (25.1) | 49.8 (33.1) | .59 |
| Current smokers, % | 24 | 28 | .70 |
| Long-acting β agonist, % | 93 | 82 | .15 |
| Long-acting anticholinergic, % | 88 | 87 | .93 |
| Inhaled corticosteroid, % | 90 | 82 | .15 |
| Oral corticosteroid, ≥ 5 mg/d, % | 2 | 5 | .53 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 40.1 (20.6) | 45.8 (20.5) | .22 |
| Dlco % predicted | 41.8 (20.9) | 44.0 (19.2) | .64 |
| RV to TLC ratio, % | 58.2 (9.9) | 55.8 (10.7) | .29 |
| Pao2, kPa | 9.7 (1.4) | 9.6 (1.4) | .82 |
| Paco2, kPa | 5.2 (0.6) | 5.1 (0.4) | .18 |
| SGRQ, symptoms | 56.5 (23.7) | 49.6 (21.3) | .17 |
| SGRQ, activity | 70.8 (25.8) | 71.1 (17.2) | .96 |
| SGRQ, impacts | 40.8 (22.8) | 31.3 (16.2) | .04 |
| SGRQ, total | 52.5 (22.0) | 46.4 (14.9) | .15 |
| CAT score | 22.8 (8.5) | 20.8 (8.1) | .34 |
| Daily step count | 4499 (3462) | 4504 (3109) | .99 |
| PAL | 1.4 (0.18) | 1.4 (0.16) | .66 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 134 (15) | 138 (19) | .35 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 85 (10) | 85 (11) | .84 |
| β-Blocker, % | 2 | 0 | .33 |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 7 | 10 | .65 |
| Diuretic, % | 0 | 2 | .31 |
| Serum NT-proBNP, ng/L | 109.0 (99.8) | 105.0 (64.0) | .85 |
| ACE genotype: DD, ID, II, % | 39,44,17 | 38,46,16 | .94 |
| QMVC, kg | 24.9 (4.9) | 25.0 (7.4) | .98 |
| TwQ, kg | 10.7 (3.0) | 9.7 (3.4) | .21 |
| MTCSA, cm2 | 93.3 (22.4) | 93.0 (26.1) | .96 |
| Endurance half-time, s | 61.2 (35.5) | 70.6 (31.9) | .30 |
| ISWD, m | 247 (132) | 242 (128) | .87 |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; CAT = COPD assessment test; Dlco = diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FFMI = fat free mass index; ISWD = incremental shuttle walk distance; MTCSA = mid-thigh CT scan of the cross-sectional area; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PAL = physical activity level; QMVC = quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction; RV = residual volume; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TLC = total lung capacity; TwQ = quadriceps twitch force.