Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by ST2 Levels
| Variable | Total Population (N=2331) | Substudy Popluiation (N=912) | ST2 ≤ 35ng/mL (N=731) | ST2 > 35ng/mL (N=179) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized treatment (exercise) | 1159/2331 (49.7%) | 453/912 (49.7%) | 364/731 (49.8%) | 87/179 (48.6%) | 0.775 |
| Age, y | 59.3 (51.1,68.0) | 59.2 (50.6,68.4) | 58.5 (50.0,67.5) | 63.3 (55.1,71.9) | <.001 |
| Sex, % woman | 661/2331 (28.4%) | 264/910 (29.0%) | 235/731 (32.1%) | 29/179 (16.2%) | <.001 |
| Race (%Caucasian) | 1426/2296 (62.1%) | 578/898 (64.4%) | 458/721 (63.5%) | 120/177 (67.8%) | 0.525 |
| History of diabetes | 748/2331 (32.1%) | 299/910 (32.9%) | 230/731 (31.5%) | 69/179 (38.5%) | 0.071 |
| History of MI | 979/2331 (42.0%) | 375/910 (41.2%) | 284/731 (38.9%) | 91/179 (50.8%) | 0.003 |
| History of hypertension | 1388/2318 (59.9%) | 578/906 (63.8%) | 464/728 (63.7%) | 114/178 (64.0%) | 0.939 |
| Current Smoker | 388/2320 (16.7%) | 147/905 (16.2%) | 122/726 (16.8%) | 25/179 (14.0%) | 0.352 |
| Ischemic HF Etiology | 0.010 | ||||
| Ischemic | 1197/2331 (51.4%) | 460/910 (50.5%) | 354/731 (48.4%) | 106/179 (59.2%) | |
| Non-Ischemic | 1134/2331 (48.6%) | 450/910 (49.5%) | 377/731 (51.6%) | 73/179 (40.8%) | |
| NYHA class at random assignment | <.001 | ||||
| II | 1477/2331 (63.4%) | 570/910 (62.6%) | 489/731 (66.9%) | 81/179 (45.3%) | |
| III | 831/2331 (35.6%) | 328/910 (36.0%) | 238/731 (32.6%) | 90/179 (50.3%) | |
| IV | 23/2331 (1.0%) | 12/910 (1.3%) | 4/731 (0.5%) | 8/179 (4.5%) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 111.0 (100.0,126.0) | 112.0 (100.5,126.5) | 114.0 (102.0,128.0) | 110.0 (100.0,126.0) | 0.153 |
| Resting HR, bpm | 70.0 (63.0,79.0) | 71.0 (63.0,80.0) | 70.0 (63.0,79.0) | 73.0 (66.0,81.0) | 0.007 |
| LVEF, % | 24.7 (20.0,30.1) | 24.4 (19.4,30.0) | 24.8 (19.5,30.1) | 23.2 (18.2,28.4) | 0.051 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (1.0,1.5) | 1.2 (1.0,1.5) | 1.2 (1.0,1.4) | 1.3 (1.1,1.8) | <.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 20.0 (15.0,28.0) | 21.0 (15.0,28.0) | 19.0 (14.0,26.0) | 25.0 (18.0,35.3) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5 (12.3,14.6) | 13.3 (12.2,14.5) | 13.3 (12.3,14.6) | 13.2 (11.9,14.2) | 0.019 |
| NTproBNP (Baseline) | 815.0 (340.5,1805) | 857.0 (359.3,1955) | 671.8 (311.6,1473) | 2212 (976.0,4995) | <.001 |
| Exercise duration, CPX test, min | 9.6 (6.9,12.0) | 9.5 (7.0,12.0) | 10.0 (7.7,12.4) | 7.4 (5.3,9.5) | <.001 |
| Peak V02 in mL/kg/min CPX test at baseline | 14.4 (11.5,17.7) | 14.5 (11.6,17.4) | 15.2 (12.2,18.0) | 12.1 (9.8,14.5) | <.001 |
| 6-Minute walk distance, m | 370.6 (298.7,435.0) | 368.5 (297.2,432.8) | 378.3 (313.9,442.0) | 315.2 (259.1,388.6) | <.001 |
| Loop diuretic dose, mg/day | 40.0 (20.0,80.0) | 40.0 (20.0,80.0) | 40.0 (10.0,80.0) | 60.0 (40.0,120.0) | <.001 |
| Mitral Regurgitation, moderate or severe | 256/2135 (12.0%) | 98/840 (11.7%) | 65/679 (9.6%) | 33/161 (20.5%) | <.001 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 32.6 (28.1,38.5) | 32.4 (28.0,38.0) | 31.3 (27.6,36.3) | 36.9 (32.4,44.8) | <.001 |
| KCCQ symptom stability score | 50.0 (50.0,50.0) | 50.0 (50.0,50.0) | 50.0 (50.0,50.0) | 50.0 (50.0,50.0) | 0.323 |
| Rest ECG ventricular conduction | <.001 | ||||
| Normal | 979/2271 (43.1%) | 390/891 (43.8%) | 331/714 (46.4%) | 59/177 (33.3%) | |
| LBBB | 379/2271 (16.7%) | 135/891 (15.2%) | 116/714 (16.2%) | 19/177 (10.7%) | |
| RBBB | 85/2271 (3.7%) | 30/891 (3.4%) | 22/714 (3.1%) | 8/177 (4.5%) | |
| IVCD | 292/2271 (12.9%) | 97/891 (10.9%) | 74/714 (10.4%) | 23/177 (13.0%) | |
| Paced | 536/2271 (23.6%) | 239/891 (26.8%) | 171/714 (23.9%) | 68/177 (38.4%) | |
| Region: US v Non-US | 0.012 | ||||
| 0 | 2068/2331 (88.7%) | 851/910 (93.5%) | 691/731 (94.5%) | 160/179 (89.4%) | |
| 1 | 263/2331 (11.3%) | 59/910 (6.5%) | 40/731 (5.5%) | 19/179 (10.6%) | |
| BB Dose at baseline | 25.0 (13.0,50.0) | 25.0 (13.0,50.0) | 37.5 (13.0,50.0) | 25.0 (13.0,50.0) | 0.228 |
| BMI | 29.9 (26.0,35.1) | 30.4 (26.4,35.7) | 30.9 (26.5,35.9) | 29.2 (25.1,35.1) | 0.018 |
| Canadian Angina Class | 200/2328 (8.6%) | 92/909 (10.1%) | 76/730 (10.4%) | 16/179 (8.9%) | 0.744 |
| HF Hosp in prior 6 months | 610/2311 (26.4%) | 243/903 (26.9%) | 196/725 (27.0%) | 47/178 (26.4%) | 0.865 |
Data are presented as medians (Q1, Q3) or percentages.
BP = blood pressure; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CPX = cardiopulmonary exercise; HF = heart failure; LVEF; left ventricular ejection fraction; MI = myocardial infarction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; peak VO2 = maximal oxygen consumption; NT-proBNP = amino-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide.