Table 2. HbA1c as predictor of severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma per year, expressed as relative risk per 1% HbA1c decrease.
| Year | Severe Hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemic Coma | ||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| RR (95% CI) | p-Value | RR (95% CI) | p-Value | RR (95% CI) | p-Value | RR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| 1995 | 1.28 (1.19–1.37) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.23–1.56) | <0.001 |
| 1996 | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) | <0.001 |
| 1997 | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 |
| 1998 | 1.23 (1.17–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.17–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) | <0.001 |
| 1999 | 1.22 (1.16–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.16–1.28) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.18–1.40) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.19–1.40) | <0.001 |
| 2000 | 1.20 (1.15–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.15–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.17–1.36) | <0.001 |
| 2001 | 1.19 (1.14–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.14–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | <0.001 |
| 2002 | 1.18 (1.13–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.13–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.14–1.29) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | <0.001 |
| 2003 | 1.16 (1.12–1.20) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.13–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | <0.001 |
| 2004 | 1.15 (1.11–1.18) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.12–1.19) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | <0.001 |
| 2005 | 1.14 (1.10–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | <0.001 |
| 2006 | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.001 |
| 2007 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.08–1.15) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | <0.001 |
| 2008 | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.14) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.005 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.004 |
| 2009 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 0.047 | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 0.040 |
| 2010 | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.201 | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.181 |
| 2011 | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 0.002 | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.497 | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.463 |
| 2012 | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.050 | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 0.016 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.856 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.816 |
RRs with 95% CIs derived from regression models with severe hypoglycemia or hypoglycemic coma as the dependent variable and using continuous terms for HbA1c and treatment year. Model 1 adjusted for HbA1c, treatment year, sex, age, and diabetes duration, and with a term for interaction between HbA1c and treatment year; model 2 additionally adjusted for insulin treatment regimen (1–3 or ≥4 insulin injection time points per day, or insulin pump therapy). p-Values from Wald tests refer to RRs. Wald test for trend in RR per 1% HbA1c decrease: p<0.001 for severe hypoglycemia and coma in models 1 and 2.