Table 4. Combined effects of PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphisms and environmental and ‘internal’ exposures on the risk of NAFLD.
| Uygur | Han | |||||
| Exposures | genotype | genotype | ||||
| CC | CG | GG | CC | CG | GG | |
| Sex | ||||||
| female | 1 | 1.60 (0.87–2.92) | 1.16 (0.42–3.16) | 1 | 1.58 (0.86–2.90) | 7.21 (2.22–23.35) |
| male | 1 | 1.16 (0.62–2.15) | 4.34 (1.78–10.60) | 1 | 1.19 (0.65–2.18) | 1.12 (0.49–2.55) |
| p-value for interaction | 0.050* | 0.026* | ||||
| Age | ||||||
| ≤40 | 1 | 1.19 (0.65–2.18) | 1.12 (0.49–2.55) | 1 | 1.54 (0.78–3.05) | 0.79 (0.29–2.16) |
| 41–59 | 1 | 1.20 (0.68–2.12) | 2.90 (1.29–6.52) | 1 | 1.59 (0.88–2.87) | 4.76 (1.89–12.00) |
| ≥60 | 1 | 2.00 (0.19–20.61) | 1.00 (0.04–24.55) | 1 | 0.23 (0.04–1.30) | --- |
| p-value for interaction | 0.930 | 0.002* | ||||
| BMI Stage | ||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 1 | 3.68 (0.36–37.14) | 16.29 (1.47–179.97) | 1 | 1.86 (0.71–4.86) | 2.88 (0.93–8.96) |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 1 | 1.34 (0.79–2.28) | 2.25 (1.00–5.04) | 1 | 1.52 (0.83–2.79) | --- |
| p-value for interaction | 0.260 | 0.022* | ||||
| Smoking Status | ||||||
| No smoking | 1 | 1.33 (0.81–2.19) | 3.67 (1.78–7.57) | 1 | 1.22 (0.75–1.99) | 1.72 (0.86–3.45) |
| Occasionally smoking | 1 | 1.47 (0.28–7.63) | --- | 1 | 1.60 (0.23–11.27) | --- |
| smoking | 1 | 1.35 (0.46–3.96) | 0.24 (0.02–2.34) | 1 | 1.40 (0.47–4.13) | 3.50 (0.56–21.81) |
| Quit smoking | 1 | --- | --- | 1 | --- | --- |
| p-value for interaction | 0.022* | 0.240 | ||||
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| active | 1 | 1.93 (0.46–8.05) | 0.43 (0.04–5.06) | 1 | 0.81 (0.20–3.22) | --- |
| balanced | 1 | 2.31 (1.05–5.11) | 5.96 (1.69–20.99) | 1 | 0.54 (0.24–1.24) | 1.00 (0.30–3.35) |
| sedentary | 1 | 1.00 (0.57–1.74) | 2.23 (0.98–5.03) | 1 | 2.25 (1.30–3.90) | 2.78 (1.28–6.00) |
| p-value for interaction | 0.130 | 0.041* |
*p<0.05 indicates statistical significance.