Table 1. Adult and infant studies in which MMRs to the same vowel pairs differing in quality ([standard]–[deviant]) were recorded.

Vowel stimuli	Adults		Infants
	Study	MMR	Study	Age	Sleep stage	MMR
[y]–[i]	[45]	−4.5a	[24]	0	quiet sleep	−1.3b
	[45]	−4.5a	[26]	3	awake	−4.0c
	[45]	−4.5a	[46]	0	quiet sleep	−1.7d
	[45]	−4.5a	[46]	3	awake	−3.1d
[y]–[y/i]	[45]	−3.3a	[26]	3	awake	−2.0c
[e]–[ø]	[30]	−1.6e	[35]	6	awake	−4.5f
[e]–[o] (adults), [o]–[e] (infants)	[30]	−2.0e	[47]	0	active sleep	−1.8g
	[30]	−2.0e	[47]	0	quiet sleep	−2.1g
[i:]–[e:]	[44]	−3.5h	[25]	0	several	+1.7h

The MMR amplitude (MMR; in microvolts) is listed for both the adults and the infants. For the infants, age (in months) and sleep stage are also shown.

^a Amplitudes calculated from the amplitudes mentioned for the “Ignore condition” at Fz ([45]: p.202).

^b Amplitude calculated from the amplitudes at F3 and F4 between 200 and 300 ms after stimulus onset.

^c Amplitude at C4 (peak observed between 200 and 300 ms).

^d Amplitude at F4.

^e Amplitude at Fz inferred from graph ([30]: Figure 4a on page 434).

^f Amplitudes at Cz inferred from graph ([35]: Figure 3 on page 353).

^g Amplitudes averaged across Fp1, Fp2, C3 and C4, and across MMN (measured between 100 and 300 ms) and LDN (measured between 300 and 500 ms).

^h Only the MMRs obtained in an oddball paradigm (the MMRs obtained in a multifeature paradigm are not included). At Fz in [44]. At F3 and F4 in [25].