Table 1. Histopathology evaluations link time exposure and dose concentration dependent increases in exocrine pancreatic injury to exenatide treatments.
Categories of individualinjury | Mean Category and Cumulative Histopathology Score of Injury in Exenatide Treated Mice(0–3 range for each category) | |||||||||||
3 weeks, EXE | 6 weeks, EXE | 12 weeks, EXE | ||||||||||
0 µg(n = 12) | 3 µg(n = 10) | 10 µg(n = 10) | 30 µg(n = 10) | 0 µg(n = 10) | 3 µg(n = 11) | 10 µg(n = 12) | 30 µg(n = 12) | 0 µg(n = 12) | 3 µg(n = 11) | 10 µg(n = 11) | 30 µg(n = 12) | |
Acinar cell hypertrophy | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
Acinar cell autophagy | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.5 |
Acinar cell apoptosis | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
Acinar cell necrosis | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
Vascularinjury | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
Interstitial inflammatory edema | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Fat necrosis | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 2.5 |
Duct changes | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Acinar cell atrophy | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
Group Mean Scores of combined all Injuries | 4.0 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 4.2 | 6.9* | 8.8* | 11.0* | 4.0 | 12.8* | 14.5* | 18.6* |
µg = microgram per kg dose of exenatide for treatment group; weeks = the weeks of daily subcutaneous exenatide injections; *indicates significant difference (p<0.05) from control.