Table 4. Cell death/survival/proliferation/differentation related gene expression in mice treated with EXE for 12 weeks indicates increased cell survival compared to controls.

Gene		Expression Change		Protein Function	Predicted Impact	Reference PMID
Symbol	Name	FoldChange	p-value
BRCA1	breast cancer 1, earlyonset	1.58	0.021	DNA repair; oxidative DNA damagerepair	enhanced cell survival	9703501, 23271346, 24314328
AGO4	argonaute RISC catalytic component4	1.615	0.026	Component of RNA gene silencingcomplex; stem cell proliferation andsurvival	enhanced cell survival	19174539, 19393748, 22863743
NRP1	neuropilin 1	2.51	0.034	Co-receptor for growth factors; cellgrowth, proliferation, and survival	enhanced cell survival	15572379, 19337405, 21828096, 22948112
PIK3R1	phosphatidylinositol3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha	1.748	0.029	Cell growth, proliferation, and survival	enhanced cell survival	11784871, 12435753, 21649900, 23810379
POLK	DNA polymerase kappa	1.324	0.047	Facilitates DNA synthesis acrossareas of DNA damage	enhanced cell survival	12432099, 16308320, 16738701, 22487424
HES1	hairy and enhancerof split 1	1.432	0.011	Cell proliferation, survival, anddifferentiation; adult centroacinarcells	enhanced cell survival	10627606, 21205788, 22649105, 23274689
FGFR2	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	–1.333	0.024	Growth factor receptor; cell growth,proliferation, and survival; highexpression associated with increasedpancreatic cancer risk	undetermined	10339576, 17314281, 22440254, 23136392,

Genes identified in expression studies by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were further investigated via literature review for function of their protein, predicted impact of the expression difference specific to this study, and references consistent with consensus on identified protein function and the predicted impact in this study. When the impact was not predictable via IPA, the impact is listed as undetermined. No protein studies were completed to verify gene expression changes resulted in protein expression changes. p-value indicates the significance of fold-change comparing mean and standard deviation from treated and control mice at a 0.05 cutoff. PMID is the PubMed ID number that will yield the relevant reference; n = 3 per group.