Table 4. Association of X-ray findings with physical, socio-demographic and microscopic features among PTB patients in tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata, India, 2010–2013 (N = 350).
| X-Ray findings (ref: Minimal) | ||||||||
| Moderately advanced | Far advanced | Cavity | ||||||
| Continuous Variables | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | UOR | 0.71(0.57–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.53(0.40–0.70) | <.0001 | 0.42(0.29–0.63) | <.0001 | |
| AOR | 0.71(0.55–0.91) | 0.006 | 0.69(0.49–0.98) | 0.036 | 0.64(0.38–1.05) | 0.078 | ||
| Blood hemoglobin level (gm/dl) | UOR | 0.97(0.79–1.19) | 0.757 | 0.96(0.74–1.24) | 0.737 | 1.31(0.93–1.86) | 0.119 | |
| AOR | 1.01(0.78–1.31) | 0.926 | 0.89(0.62–1.28) | 0.537 | 1.41(0.85–2.37) | 0.187 | ||
| Categorical variables | Moderately advanced | Far advanced | Cavity | |||||
| Variables | Categories | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | |
| Gender (ref:Male) | Female | UOR | 1.63(0.93–2.85) | 0.085 | 1.88(0.96–3.71) | 0.066 | 1.37(0.57–3.29) | 0.482 |
| AOR | 2.28(1.18–4.41) | 0.015 | 2.37(0.93–6.04) | 0.071 | 2.96(0.86–10.23) | 0.087 | ||
| Age (ref:<20 yr) | 20–45 yr | UOR | 0.92(0.45–1.90) | 0.832 | 0.60(0.26–1.38) | 0.232 | 3.89(0.49–30.85) | 0.198 |
| AOR | 2.53(0.80–7.98) | 0.113 | 0.56(0.11–2.87) | 0.483 | 0.67(0.03–15.22) | 0.800 | ||
| >45 yr | UOR | 1.45(0.55–3.80) | 0.447 | 0.76(0.23–2.48) | 0.653 | 11.77(1.32–104.99) | 0.027 | |
| AOR | 4.13(1.02–16.68) | 0.047 | 0.66(0.09–4.92) | 0.685 | 1.71(0.06–48.71) | 0.752 | ||
| Marital status (ref: Married) | Unmarried | UOR | 1.84(1.01–3.34) | 0.045 | 1.58(0.75–3.31) | 0.231 | 0.15(0.02–1.18) | 0.071 |
| AOR | 4.39(1.63–11.86) | 0.004 | 1.16(0.26–5.10) | 0.845 | 0.12(0.01–2.43) | 0.166 | ||
| SES (ref:LIG) | MIG | UOR | 1.25(0.59–2.64) | 0.555 | 1.05(0.40–2.75) | 0.925 | 1.90(0.67–5.44) | 0.230 |
| AOR | 1.12(0.48–2.63) | 0.786 | 1.01(0.31–3.33) | 0.982 | 2.27(0.53–9.80) | 0.271 | ||
| HIG | UOR | – | – | – | – | 4.44(0.27–73.42) | 0.298 | |
| AOR | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Resident of (ref: Kolkata) | North 24 Parganas | UOR | 2.04(0.60–6.98) | 0.257 | 0.53(0.06–4.87) | 0.575 | – | – |
| AOR | 1.85(0.47–7.27) | 0.375 | 0.33(0.03–3.65) | 0.365 | – | – | ||
| South 24 Parganas | UOR | 1.25(0.63–2.46) | 0.526 | 1.18(0.51–2.74) | 0.702 | 1.33(0.48–3.69) | 0.580 | |
| AOR | 0.98(0.46–2.08) | 0.952 | 0.81(0.28–2.31) | 0.695 | 1.45(0.40–5.26) | 0.574 | ||
| Sputum smear grading (ref: Single positive) | Double positive | UOR | 3.97(2.28–6.90) | <.0001 | 92.31(21.04–405.03) | <.0001 | – | – |
| AOR | 3.40(1.88–6.14) | <.0001 | 88.95(19.72–401.20) | <.0001 | – | – | ||
| Triple positive | UOR | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| AOR | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
SES = Socio-economic status; LIG = Low-income group; MIG = Middle-income group; HIG = High- income group; UOR = Unadjusted Odds ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds ratio; OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval; p = p value.
“–” refers to cells for which due to inadequate number of observation valid statistical results (OR, CI, p value) could not be determined.