Table 5. Association between patient characteristics and drug resistance patterns among PTB patients in tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata, India, 2010–2013 (N = 350).
| Drug resistant status (ref:Susceptible) | |||||||||
| Single drug resistance | Non-MDR two drug resistance | Multi-drug resistance (MDR) | |||||||
| Continuous Variables | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | UOR | 0.83(0.59–1.16) | 0.279 | 0.49(0.38–0.63) | <.0001 | 0.44(0.31–0.63) | <.0001 | ||
| AOR | 1.18(0.66–2.13) | 0.572 | 0.73(0.46–1.15) | 0.171 | 0.62(0.34–1.15) | 0.130 | |||
| Blood hemoglobin level (gm/dl) | UOR | 1.02(0.74–1.41) | 0.896 | 1.38(1.08–1.75) | 0.009 | 1.14(0.82–1.57) | 0.435 | ||
| AOR | 0.92(0.61–1.39) | 0.685 | 1.00(0.71–1.41) | 0.994 | 0.71(0.45–1.13) | 0.148 | |||
| Categorical variables | Single drug resistance | Non-MDR two drug resistance | Multi-drug resistance (MDR) | ||||||
| Variables | Categories | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | OR(95%Cl) | p | ||
| Gender (ref: Male) | Female | UOR | 0.82(0.34–1.97) | 0.660 | 0.95(0.51–1.77) | 0.885 | 0.80(0.33–1.90) | 0.608 | |
| AOR | 1.02(0.37–2.86) | 0.965 | 1.43(0.63–3.27) | 0.391 | 1.01(0.35–2.96) | 0.981 | |||
| Age(ref:<20 yr) | 20–45 yr | UOR | 1.59(0.55–4.59) | 0.390 | 2.22(1.07–4.62) | 0.032 | 2.64(0.80–8.77) | 0.111 | |
| AOR | 1.64(0.30–8.86) | 0.563 | 4.59(1.16–18.12) | 0.030 | 7.30(1.10–48.59) | 0.040 | |||
| >45 yr | UOR | 5.00(1.08–23.06) | 0.039 | 4.73(1.38–16.19) | 0.013 | 7.45(1.47–38.27) | 0.015 | ||
| AOR | 5.69(0.64–50.65) | 0.119 | 12.14(1.82–80.92) | 0.010 | 30.01(2.70–333.06) | 0.006 | |||
| Marital status (ref: Married) | Unmarried | UOR | 0.68(0.27–1.71) | 0.413 | 0.62(0.32–1.18) | 0.144 | 0.57(0.22–1.47) | 0.244 | |
| AOR | 1.71(0.38–7.67) | 0.483 | 4.16(1.20–14.48) | 0.025 | 4.83(0.99–23.66) | 0.052 | |||
| SES (ref: LIG) | MIG | UOR | 0.81(0.27–2.39) | 0.704 | 0.58(0.26–1.28) | 0.176 | 0.77(0.26–2.26) | 0.630 | |
| AOR | 0.47(0.13–1.67) | 0.243 | 0.64(0.24–1.73) | 0.382 | 0.92(0.25–3.35) | 0.904 | |||
| HIG | UOR | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| AOR | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Resident of (ref: Kolkata) | North 24 Parganas | UOR | 3.86(0.67–22.35) | 0.131 | 1.24(0.25–6.15) | 0.792 | – | – | |
| AOR | 5.37(0.69–41.42) | 0.107 | 2.46(0.30–20.49) | 0.405 | – | – | |||
| South 24 Parganas | UOR | 3.48(1.07–11.33) | 0.039 | 2.62(0.98–7.00) | 0.054 | 1.47(0.4–5.44) | 0.561 | ||
| AOR | 3.61(1.03–12.63) | 0.044 | 3.54(1.14–10.91) | 0.028 | 1.93(0.45–8.16) | 0.374 | |||
| Sputum smear grading (ref: Single positive) | Double positive | UOR | 2.94(1.26–6.83) | 0.012 | 1.03(0.57–1.85) | 0.920 | 1.32(0.60–2.92) | 0.491 | |
| AOR | 2.52(0.87–7.35) | 0.089 | 0.65(0.27–1.56) | 0.338 | 0.90(0.29–2.83) | 0.858 | |||
| Triple positive | UOR | 2.83(0.36–22.39) | 0.324 | 3.78(0.84–16.91) | 0.082 | 1.70(0.22–13.02) | 0.610 | ||
| AOR | 2.10(0.18–25.19) | 0.557 | 2.41(0.34–16.99) | 0.377 | 0.85(0.06–11.27) | 0.904 | |||
| X-ray(ref: Minimal) | Moderately advanced | UOR | 1.27(0.50–3.27) | 0.616 | 0.76(0.39–1.46) | 0.405 | 0.56(0.22–1.40) | 0.216 | |
| AOR | 0.83(0.27–2.51) | 0.738 | 0.27(0.11–0.67) | 0.004 | 0.16(0.05–0.53) | 0.003 | |||
| Far advanced | UOR | 1.43(0.46–4.44) | 0.534 | 0.67(0.29–1.53) | 0.339 | 0.97(0.34–2.78) | 0.958 | ||
| AOR | 0.58(0.14–2.44) | 0.455 | 0.14(0.04–0.49) | 0.002 | 0.14(0.03–0.68) | 0.015 | |||
| Cavity | UOR | 2.54(0.48–13.46) | 0.272 | 2.12(0.58–7.75) | 0.257 | 0.78(0.12–5.18) | 0.795 | ||
| AOR | 0.78(0.11–5.96) | 0.827 | 0.29(0.05–1.64) | 0.161 | 0.11(0.01–1.17) | 0.067 | |||
| Patient type (ref: New Infection) | Relapsed | UOR | 2.20(0.90–5.42) | 0.084 | 9.97(4.83–20.58) | <.0001 | 9.67(3.35–27.91) | <.0001 | |
| AOR | 3.01(0.62–15.35) | 0.168 | 12.02(3.51–41.15) | <.0001 | 13.84(2.55–75.06) | 0.002 | |||
| Defaulter | UOR | 1.15(0.25–5.24) | 0.859 | 9.23(3.31–26.05) | <.0001 | 10.06(2.55–39.69) | 0.001 | ||
| AOR | 1.79(0.31–10.18) | 0.510 | 16.87(4.77–59.69) | <.0001 | 33.01(5.96–182.78) | <.0001 | |||
| Treatment failure | UOR | 1.91(0.11–32.00) | 0.652 | 26.88(3.45–209.19) | 0.002 | 50.28(5.42–465.91) | 0.001 | ||
| AOR | 1.67(0.05–59.93) | 0.780 | 31.86(2.66–381.62) | 0.006 | 63.19(3.63–>99.99) | 0.005 | |||
SES = Socio-economic status; LIG = Low-income group; MIG = Middle-income group; HIG = High-income group; UOR = Unadjusted Odds ratio; AOR = Adjusted Odds ratio; OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval; p = p value.
“–” refers to cells for which due to inadequate number of observation valid statistical results (OR, CI, p value) could not be determined