Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI: association of gender, family affluence, nutritional status, municipality size, school environment and peer group with unhealthy behaviours, by age
| Smoking | Sedentary | Not meeting PAGL | Irregular breakfast | Alcohol daily | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 11 | |||||
| Family affluence | |||||
| Medium vs. High | 0.42 (0.14–1.27) | 0.76 (0.53–1.07) | 1.05 (0.61–1.79) | 1.00 (0.69–1.47) | 1.27 (0.68–2.37) |
| Low vs. High | 0.28 (0.03–2.40) | 0.61 (0.35–1.08) | 1.30 (0.48–3.55) | 1.12 (0.60–2.09) | - |
| School environment | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 2.47 (0.63–9.83) | 1.19 (0.83–1.70) | 0.67 (0.39–1.17) | 1.44 (0.96–2.18) | 1.00 (0.50–1.98) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 4.33 (0.97–19.3) | 1.50 (0.91–2.46) | 1.44 (0.61–3.43) | 1.65 (0.99–2.77) | 0.97 (0.39–2.40) |
| Peer groups | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.18 (0.05–0.64)** | 0.74 (0.47–1.14) | 1.43 (0.78–2.59) | 0.51 (0.32–0.79)** | 0.57 (0.26–1.26) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 0.58 (0.18–1.89) | 0.54 (0.33–0.91)* | 1.40 (0.65–2.98) | 1.12 (0.68–1.84) | 1.58 (0.68–3.67) |
| Gender | |||||
| Female vs. Male | 0.71 (0.25–2.02) | 0.82 (0.59–1.14) | 1.75 (1.03–2.98)** | 1.22 (0.86–1.75) | 0.15 (0.06–0.36)** |
| Nutritional status | |||||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 2.25 (0.72–6.99) | 1.51 (0.95–2.41) | 1.44 (0.68–3.05) | 1.18 (0.75–1.87) | 1.12 (0.52–2.39) |
| Municipality size | |||||
| Metropolitan vs. >50,000 | 0.95 (0.20–4.46) | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) | 0.53 (0.26–1.07) | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) | 0.31 (0.12–0.79)** |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 2.56 (0.65–10.0) | 0.81 (0.51–1.30) | 0.43 (0.21–0.89)* | 1.04 (0.64–1.71) | 0.77 (0.34–1.70) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 2.20 (0.55–8.76) | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | 0.42 (0.20–0.89)* | 0.70 (0.42–1.16) | 0.56 (0.23–1.40) |
| Age 13 | |||||
| Family affluence | |||||
| Medium vs. High | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | 1.08 (0.61–1.89) | 1.00 (0.76–1.34) | 0.71 (0.50–1.01) |
| Low vs. High | 0.43 (0.14–1.25) | 0.57 (0.22–1.46) | 0.61 (0.20–1.84) | 2.17 (1.12–4.19)* | 0.66 (0.28–1.56) |
| School environment | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 2.37 (1.37–4.10)** | 1.20 (0.68–2.12) | 1.04 (0.55–1.99) | 1.65 (1.15–2.37)** | 1.55 (0.99–2.41) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 4.34 (2.41–7.80)** | 1.44 (0.73–2.84) | 1.13 (0.52–2.44) | 2.04 (1.35–3.09)** | 1.79 (1.08–2.96)* |
| Peer groups | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.45 (0.30–0.67)** | 0.29 (0.13–0.66)** | 1.48 (0.81–2.69) | 0.97 (0.69–1.34) | 0.57 (0.39-0.84)** |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 0.48 (0.30–0.78)** | 0.15 (0.06–0.35)** | 1.62 (0.77–3.40) | 0.90 (0.61–1.32) | 0.91 (0.59–1.41) |
| Gender | |||||
| Female vs. Male | 1.16 (0.81–1.66) | 0.72 (0.45–1.15) | 1.27 (0.75–2.16) | 1.59 (1.20–2.10)** | 0.71 (0.51–0.99)* |
| Nutritional status | |||||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 1.18 (0.73–1.92) | 1.37 (0.67–2.79) | 2.50 (0.88–7.07) | 1.38 (0.94–2.02) | 1.31 (0.85–2.03) |
| Municipalities size | |||||
| Metropolitan vs. >50,000 | 1.27 (0.80–2.0) | 1.28 (0.71–2.30) | 0.96 (0.48–1.90) | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 1.04 (0.67–1.60) |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.10 (0.66–1.83) | 1.09 (0.57–2.08) | 2.82 (0.94–8.44) | 0.76 (0.50–1.14) | 1.04 (0.65–1.69) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 0.90 (0.55–1.46) | 1.84 (0.97–3.48) | 0.66 (0.35–1.25) | 1.19 (0.83–1.71) | 1.22 (0.80–1.87) |
| Age 15 | |||||
| Family affluence | |||||
| Medium vs. High | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.98 (0.56–1.71) | 1.26 (0.74–2.15) | 0.93 (0.68–1.26) | 0.71 (0.52–0.96)* |
| Low vs. High | 0.92 (0.50–1.67) | 0.91 (0.33–2.52) | 5.0 (0.66–37.6) | 1.80 (0.98–3.31) | 0.54 (0.29–0.99)* |
| School environment | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 1.31 (0.87–1.97) | 0.58 (0.25–1.34) | 0.89 (0.45–1.79) | 0.74 (0.49–1.13) | 1.22 (0.81–1.85) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 1.66 (1.07–2.59)* | 0.79 (0.32–1.98) | 1.27 (0.58–2.81) | 1.15 (0.74–1.80) | 1.66 (1.06–2.58)* |
| Peer groups | |||||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.87 (0.61–1.23) | 1.05 (0.55–2.03) | 1.53 (0.85–2.74) | 1.29 (0.90–1.83) | 0.74 (0.52–1.04) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 0.62 (0.42–0.93)* | 1.08 (0.52–2.23) | 1.26 (0.65–2.45) | 1.00 (0.67–1.49) | 0.53 (0.36–0.79)** |
| Gender | |||||
| Female vs. Male | 1.49 (1.11–1.99)** | 0.45 (0.26–0.80)** | 2.05 (1.20–3.50)** | 1.65 (1.23–2.22)** | 0.82 (0.62–1.10) |
| Nutritional status | |||||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 1.02 (0.66–1.57) | 2.77 (0.84–9.11) | 5.59 (1.34–23.4)* | 1.42 (0.92–2.19) | 0.76 (0.49–1.17) |
| Municipality size | |||||
| Metropolitan vs. >50.000 | 1.02 (0.71–1.48) | 0.59 (0.30–1.18) | 0.99 (0.52–1.88) | 0.87 (0.59–1.26) | 1.36 (0.94–1.97) |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 0.89 (0.43–1.83) | 0.94 (0.20–4.29) | 1.04 (0.29–3.73) | 0.72 (0.34–1.52) | 0.88 (0.43–1.82) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.21 (0.86–1.70) | 0.59 (0.31–1.12) | 0.99 (0.54–1.82) | 0.97 (0.68–1.37) | 1.13 (0.80–1.60) |
Multivariate binary logistic regression *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
Ow/O: Overweight group (overweight and obesity); UN: Under/Normal-weight group.