Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI: association of gender, family affluence, nutritional status, municipality size, school environment and peer group with health outcomes, by age
| Multiple health complaints | Poor self-reported health | Life dissatisfaction | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age 11 | |||
| Family affluence | |||
| Medium vs. High | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 0.72 (0.37–1.40) | 1.78 (1.06–2.98)* |
| Low vs. High | 1.33 (0.78–2.26) | 1.64 (0.66–4.09) | 1.73 (0.77–3.86) |
| School environment | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 1.37 (0.98–1.93) | 3.0 (1.30–6.93)** | 2.13 (1.16–3.92)** |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 1.90 (1.22–2.95)** | 4.29 (1.67–11.0)** | 4.24 (2.14–8.38)** |
| Peer group | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.95 (0.64–1.40) | 1.58 (0.63–4.0) | 1.14 (0.59–2.21) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 1.29 (0.81–2.03) | 1.60 (0.58–4.40) | 1.33 (0.64–2.76) |
| Gender | |||
| Female vs. Male | 1.24 (0.92–1.68) | 2.91 (1.52–5.58)** | 1.21 (0.75–1.96) |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 0.95 (0.63–1.41) | 1.57 (0.77–3.19) | 1.21 (0.68–2.14) |
| Municipality size | |||
| Metropolitan vs. >50,000 | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 0.66 (0.28–1.54) | 0.52 (0.27–1.00) |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.40 (0.92–2.14) | 1.05 (0.44–2.51) | 1.02 (0.54–1.92) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.12 (0.74–1.72) | 1.18 (0.53–2.62) | 0.63 (0.32–1.23) |
| Age 13 | |||
| Family affluence | |||
| Medium vs. High | 0.95 (0.71–1.26) | 0.79 (0.48–1.29) | 1.26 (0.83–1.92) |
| Low vs. High | 0.98 (0.50–1.91) | 1.87 (0.75–4.70) | 3.34 (1.53–7.31)** |
| School environment | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 2.38 (1.65–3.45)** | 3.86 (1.49–10.03)** | 3.15 (1.51–6.56)** |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 4.46 (2.91–6.82)** | 9.56 (3.66–25.02)** | 7.63 (3.60–16.15)** |
| Peer group | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 0.93 (0.51–1.69) | 1.26 (0.73–2.15) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 1.18 (0.63–2.23) | 1.59 (0.90–2.83) |
| Gender | |||
| Female vs. Male | 2.37 (1.79–3.13)** | 2.17 (1.33–3.53)** | 3.18 (2.04–4.96)** |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 1.39 (0.94–2.04) | 1.83 (1.03–3.26)* | 1.24 (0.71–2.17) |
| Municipality size | |||
| Metropolitan vs. >50,000 | 1.07 (0.74–1.53) | 1.04 (0.51–2.09) | 1.51 (0.88–2.57) |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) | 1.99 (1.02–3.91)* | 1.34 (0.73–2.45) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 2.13 (1.16–3.92)** | 1.28 (0.74–2.21) |
| Age 15 | |||
| Family affluence | |||
| Medium vs. High | 0.90 (0.66–1.24) | 1.62 (1.04–2.52)* | 1.11 (0.72–1.17) |
| Low vs. High | 0.99 (0.54–1.84) | 0.92 (0.36–2.37) | 2.41 (1.18–4.95)** |
| School environment | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 0.87 (0.56–1.33) | 1.45 (0.68–3.12) | 0.91 (0.44–1.86) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 1.56 (0.98–2.47) | 2.72 (1.26–5.87)** | 3.43 (1.72–6.85)** |
| Peer group | |||
| Medium vs. Favourable | 1.29 (0.90–1.84) | 0.79 (0.646–1.35) | 0.97 (0.57–1.64) |
| Poor vs. Favourable | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) | 1.01 (0.57–1.78) | 1.54 (0.89–2.66) |
| Gender | |||
| Female vs. male | 3.43 (2.54–4.65)** | 2.50 (1.57–3.96)** | 1.41 (0.92–2.15) |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Ow/O vs. UN | 1.47 (0.94–2.31) | 2.81 (1.63–4.83)** | 1.51 (0.86–2.65) |
| Municipality size | |||
| Metropolitan vs. >50,000 | 1.08 (0.74–1.59) | 1.33 (0.75–2.37) | 1.08 (0.56–1.85) |
| <10,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.18 (0.56–2.51) | 1.59 (0.54–4.64) | 1.11 (0.36–3.42) |
| 10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000 | 1.11 (0.77–1.58) | 1.66 (1.00–2.76) | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) |
Multivariate binary logistic regression *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
Ow/O: Overweight group (overweight and obesity); UN: Under/Normal-weight group.