Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the Shanghai Women’s (1997–2000) and Men’s (2002–2006) Health Studies

	Women			Men
Characteristic a	Non-cases (n=72527)	Liver cancer cases (n=128)	P value b	Non-cases (n=60188)	Liver cancer cases (n=171)	P value b
Age, y	52.45 ± 9.03	59.08 ± 8.51	<0.01	55.26 ± 9.69	59.76 ± 9.81	<0.01
body mass index, kg/m2	24.01 ± 0.01	24.70 ± 0.29	0.02	23.73 ± 0.01	23.82 ± 0.23	0.70
Family income (%)
Low	16.01	27.39		12.52	11.84
Low to Middle	38.20	35.19		42.46	48.91
Middle to High	28.17	29.62		35.22	30.28
High	17.62	7.80	0.10	9.80	8.96	0.24
Education level (%)
Elementary school or less	21.14	27.41		6.54	6.60
Middle school	37.29	33.23		33.52	31.17
High school	28.01	31.48		36.16	43.10
College or above	13.56	7.88	<0.01	23.78	19.13	0.08
Ever had chronic hepatitis (%)	2.59	23.38	<0.01	6.83	40.96	<0.01
Ever had cirrhosis or other chronic liver disease (%)	0.81	4.35	<0.01	3.27	15.03	<0.01
Ever had diabetes (%)	4.21	7.19	0.13	6.13	8.81	0.01
Ever had cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy (%)	11.31	15.14	<0.01	7.73	14.52	<0.01
Vegetable and fruit intake, g/day	561.56 ± 1.07	517.04 ± 25.47	0.08	495.96 ± 1.06	489.73 ± 19.99	0.76
Ever smoker (%)	2.76	1.55	0.29	69.61	68.55	0.76
Ever alcohol drinker (%)	2.25	1.06	0.90	33.67	30.40	0.94

^aAll variables were standardized to age distribution at baseline. Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

^bContinuous variables were compared with use of t test; categorical variables were compared with use of chi-square test.