Table 4. Weight status at 11 predicting English mark at 11, 13 and 16 years old in females.

Model	n	R2 change	Overweight				Obese
			B (s.e.)	95% CI	β	P-value	B (s.e.)	95% CI	β	P-value
11 years old
Unadjusted	2553	0.011	−1.55 (0.79)	−3.10 to −0.003	−0.039	0.049	−3.80 (0.74)	−5.25 to −2.35	−0.102	<0.001
Fully adjusted	1246	0.001	0.20 (0.91)	−1.59 to 1.98	0.005	0.830	−1.35 (0.93)	−3.17 to 0.48	−0.035	0.148a
13 years old
Unadjusted	2205	0.017	−2.11 (0.96)	−3.99 to −0.24	−0.047	0.027	−5.40 (0.90)	−7.17 to −3.63	−0.128	<0.001
Fully adjusted	875	0.007	−2.18 (1.29)	−4.71 to 0.36	−0.050	0.093	−3.71 (1.36)	−6.38 to −1.04	−0.082	0.006
16 years old
Unadjusted	2456	0.016	−0.17 (0.08)	−0.32 to –0.03	−0.047	0.020	−0.43 (0.07)	−0.57 to −0.29	−0.124	<0.001
Fully adjusted	829	0.005	−0.14 (0.10)	−0.33 to 0.04	−0.044	0.133	−0.26 (0.11)	−0.47 to −0.05	−0.072	0.017
Adjust for BMI at 16 years	800	0.004	−0.19 (0.11)	−0.40 to 0.02	−0.058	0.073	−0.27 (0.13)	−0.53 to −0.01	−0.073	0.045

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence; IQ, intelligence quotient; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

^aN.B. The β-value was highly significant in all previous models and only became nonsignificant with the addition of IQ—see Supplementary Information.

Note: Normal weight is the reference group so β-values show overweight compared with normal and obese compared with normal. B=unstandardised—so actual change in mark. R² change shows the unique variance with the addition of the weight status variables into the model.

Fully adjusted model (model 9) adjusts for: age; birth weight; gestation; age of mother at delivery; oily fish intake during pregnancy; whether mother smoked during pregnancy; pubertal status; ethnicity, maternal education; maternal social class; average daily number of minutes spent in MVPA; depressive symptoms at 11; full-scale IQ at 8 years. At 16 years, additional model (model 10) includes adjustment for BMI Z-score at 16 years.