Table 1.
Potential carcinogenicity studies using in vivo comet, MN assays
| Chemical | Species | Tissue | Route | Dose | Sampling time | Result of the Assays | Carcinogenicity Data | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-DMH 2HCl | F344 rat | Liver | po | 100, 200 mg/kg | 3, 4, 5 days | Positive at 3, 4, 5 days treatment (MN assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [54] |
| 1,4-Dioxane | CD-1 mouse | Liver | po | 1,500, 2,500, 3,500 mg/kg/day for 5 days | 24 h | Positive in 2,500, 3,500 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [55] |
| 1,4-Dioxane | CD-1 mouse | Liver | po | 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 mg/kg | 6 days | Positive in 2000mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [56] |
| 2-Acetylaminofluorene | SD rat | Bone marrow, peripheral blood | po | 125, 500 mg/kg ×2 days | 24 h | Positive in bone marrow, blood at two doses (MN assay) | IARC: nd Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| 2-Acetylaminofluorene | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 400 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver and kidney 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: nd Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| 2,4-Diaminotoluene | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 240 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver and kidney 3, 24 h after treatment and in lung 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| 2,4-dinitrotoluene | F344 rat | Liver | po | 200, 400 mg/kg | 3, 4, 5 days | Positive (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [54] |
| 2,4-dinitrotoluene | F344 rat | Liver | po | 75, 150, 300 mg/kg (two-dose assay) | 4 days | Positive in 75, 150, 300 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| 2,6-dinitrotoluene | F344 rat | Liver | po | 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (two-dose assay) | 4 days | Positive in 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| Acrylonitrile | SD rat | Bone marrow, peripheral blood | iv | 124.8, 125 mg/kg × 2 days | 24 h | Positive in bone marrow but not in blood (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| Arsenic acid solution | CD-1 mouse | Bone marrow | ip | 1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg/d for 4 days | 24 h | Positive in 10, 20 mg/kg/day (MN assay) | IARC: 1 Carcinogenicity: + | [59] |
| Atrazine | Wistar rat | Liver, blood | po | 300 mg/kg/d for 7, 14, 21 days | Not described | Positive at periods of 7, 14, and 21 days (comet assay, MN assay) | IARC: 3 Carcinogenicity: + | [39] |
| Auramine | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 80 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver, kidney, and lung 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| Benzene | NMRI mice | Blood lymphocytes, bone marrow | po | 40, 200, 450 mg/kg | 6 h | Positive in lymphocytes at 200, 450 mg/kg and in bone marrow at 40, 200, 450 mg/kg (comet assay) | IARC: 1 Carcinogenicity: + | [60] |
| Benzo[α]pyrene | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | po | 250 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver and lung 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [56] |
| Cadmium chloride | White swiss mouse | Bone marrow | ip | 1.9, 5.7, 7.6 mg/kg | 24 h | Positive in 1.9, 5.7, 7.6 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 1 Carcinogenicity: + | [54] |
| Chloroform | SD rat | Kidney | po | 4 mmol/kg | 2 days | All agents are positive in kidney (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [60] |
| Dimethylnitrosamine | F344 rat | Liver | po | 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg (two-dose assay) | 3, 4, 5 days | Positive in 5, 10 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [54] |
| Ethylene thiourea | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 2,000 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver, kidney, lung, and spleen 3, 24 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 3 Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| Lambda cyhalothrin | Wistar rat | Bone marrow | po | 0.8, 3.06, 6.12 mg/kg One dose per 48 h for 13 days |
30 h | Positive in all doses (MN assay) | IARC: nd Carcinogenicity: + | [61] |
| Mitomycin C | F344 rat | Liver | ip | 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg (two-dose assay) | 4 days | Positive in 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [57] |
| N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea | BALB/c mouse | Stomach | po | 100 mg/kg | 3, 4 days | Positive in stomach 3, 4 days after injection (MN assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [56] |
| N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea | BALB/c mouse | Peripheral blood | po | 100 mg/kg | 2, 3 days | Positive in peripheral blood 2, 3 days after injection (MN assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [56] |
| p-Aminoazobenzene | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 200 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver, kidney, and spleen 3 h after treatment. Positive in all tissues 24 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| p-Dichlorobenzene | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 2,000 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver and spleen 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| Phenobarbital | SD rat | Liver | po | 30, 90, 120 mg/kg/day for 3 days. 10, 30, 90 mg/kg/day for 29 days |
3 h | Positive at 120 mg/kg/d for 3 days, but not at all doses for 29 days (comet assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [62] |
| Potassium chromate(VI) | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 80 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in liver and lung 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 1 Carcinogenicity: + | [4] |
| Quinoline | F344 rat | Liver | po | 30, 60, 90 mg/kg (two-dose assay) | 3, 4, 5 days | Positive in 60, 90 mg/kg (MN assay) | IARC: nd Carcinogenicity: + | [58] |
| Styrene-7,8-oxide | CD-1 mice | Liver, kidney, lung, spleen, bone marrow | ip | 400 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in all tissues 3 h after treatment (comet assay) | IARC: 2A Carcinogenicity: + | [63] |
| Thioacetamide | C57BL/6 Mouse | Bone marrow | po | 375–1,500 mg/kg | 1, 2 days | Positive (MN assay) | IARC: 2B Carcinogenicity: + | [64] |
| Trichloroethylene | SD rat | Kidney | po | 4 mmol/kg | 2 days | All agents are positive in kidney (MN assay) | IARC: 1 Carcinogenicity: + | [64] |
| Thiabendazole | ddy mouse | Stomach, liver, kidney, bladder, brain, bone marrow, lung | po | 10, 100, 200 mg/kg | 3, 24 h | Positive in all organs at 200 mg/kg, 3 h treatment only positive in stomach at 200 mg/kg, 24 h treatments (comet assay) |
IARC: nd Carcinogenicity: + | [8] |
i Ip, Intraperitoneally; Po, Oral administration; Iv, Intravenous; Nd, not determined; IARC 1, Carcinogenic to humans; IARC 2A, Probably carcinogenic to humans; IARC 2B, Possibly carcinogenic to humans; IARC 3, Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans; IARC 4, Probably not carcinogenic to humans.