Fig. 1.

Schematic illustrating mechanism for expression and function of regulatory genes for development of the oviduct and for development of epithelial-derived ovarian cancer. Carcinogens, DNA damage, estrogen and ultra-violet light (UV) likely activate estrogenand MAPK cascade signaling pathway that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in EOC through stimulation of expression of SERPINB3, SERPINB11, GAL11, SPP1 and A2M genes. Legend: RAS, synaptic Ras-GTPase-activating protein; RAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase; MEK, MAPK kinase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ER, estrogen receptor; TF, transcription factor.