Figure 4.

Effect of mucus load on ciliary motion pattern. (A) Representative M-mode image of HBE culture undergoing minimal ciliary height compression by mucus showing both effective stroke (green arrow) and recovery stroke (orange arrow). (B) Corresponding cilia beat waveform showing the effective stroke was intact. (C) A representative M-mode image of the same HBE culture showing loss of effective stroke when cilia height was compressed to by more than 2 μm. (D) Corresponding cilia beat waveform confirms that the waveforms of the effective stroke was lost.