Figure 1.

Chemical structure of α-Mangostin (A). Fluorescent micrographs of AO and PI double-stained MCF-7 cells; (B) untreated cells showed normal structure without prominent apoptosis and necrosis; (C) early apoptosis features were seen after treatment with 5 μg/mL representing intercalated acridine orange (bright green) amongst the fragmented DNA; (D) blebbing and orange color representing the hallmark of late apoptosis were noticed in 10 μg/mL treatment; (E) bright red color secondary necrosis were visible after treatment with 20 μg/mL; (F) percentages of viable, early apoptotic, late apoptosis and secondary necrotic cells after AM treatment. MCF-7 cell death via apoptosis increased significantly (*P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in the cell count of necrosis.

Abbreviations: AM, α-Mangostin; AO, acridine orange; PI, propidium iodide; VI, viable cells; CC, chromatin condensation; LA, late apoptosis; EA, early apoptosis; SN, secondary necrosis.