Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics between the ECPR group and CCPR group
| ECPR (n = 55) | CCPR (n = 444) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 (41 to 68) | 69 (56 to 77) | <0.001 |
| Male : female, n | 41 : 14 | 285 : 159 | 0.136 |
| Pre-existing comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 14 (25.5) | 161 (36.3) | 0.134 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 (27.3) | 101 (22.7) | 0.498 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1 (1.8) | 33 (7.4) | 0.157 |
| Neurologic disease | 3 (5.5) | 67 (15.1) | 0.062 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (1.8) | 20 (4.5) | 0.495 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.8) | 41 (9.2) | 0.070 |
| Diabetes | 11 (20.0) | 122 (27.5) | 0.262 |
| Malignancy | 1 (1.8) | 38 (8.6) | 0.106 |
| Number of pre-existing comorbidities | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (0 to 2) | 0.003 |
| Comorbidity score | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (0 to 2) | <0.001 |
| Witnessed, n (%) | 43 (78.2) | 328 (73.9) | 0.623 |
| Bystander CPR, n (%) | 23 (41.8) | 151 (34.0) | 0.294 |
| First documented arrest rhythm, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| VF/VT | 31 (56.4) | 85 (19.1) | |
| PEA | 10 (18.2) | 91 (20.5) | |
| Asystole | 14 (25.5) | 268 (60.4) | |
| Arrest to CPR start, minutes | 7 (0 to 13) | 8 (5 to 12) | 0.108 |
| CPR duration, minutes | 62 (47 to 89) | 35 (21 to 50) | <0.001 |
| Pre-hospital CPR duration | 13 (7 to 17) | 13 (8 to 17) | 0.930 |
| In-hospital CPR duration | 47 (35 to 80) | 21 (8 to 35) | <0.001 |
| Presumed etiology of arrest, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Cardiac | 49 (89.1) | 277 (62.4) | |
| Non-cardiac | 6 (10.9) | 167 (37.6) | |
| At the time of admission to ED | |||
| SAPS II* | 91 (87 to 97) | 97 (91 to 103) | <0.001 |
| Arterial pH* | 6.98 (6.86 to 7.05) | 6.94 (6.83 to 7.06) | 0.473 |
| Serum lactate* | 11.7 (8.8 to 16.0) | 10.8 (7.3 to 14.0) | 0.083 |
| Any ROSC events during CPR, n (%) | 17 (30.9) | 94 (21.2) | 0.121 |
| Therapeutic hypothermia, n (%) | 17 (30.9) | 71 (16.0) | 0.013 |
| ROSB/ROSC, n (%) | 44 (80.0) | 212 (47.7) | <0.001 |
| Survival to 24 hours, n (%) | 32 (58.2) | 138 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| CPC score at discharge | 0.226 | ||
| 1, n (%) | 7 (12.1) | 30 (6.8) | |
| 2, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 6 (1.4) | |
| 3, n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.8) | |
| 4, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 42 (9.5) | |
| 5, n (%) | 46 (83.6) | 358 (80.6) | |
| Hospital LOS in survival to discharge, day | 30 (14 to 60) | 18 (9 to 30) | 0.120 |
| Survivor at 3 months after arrest, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 44 (9.9) | 0.346 |
| CPC 1,2 at 3 months after arrest, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 36 (8.1) | 0.128 |
Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or number (%). *Measured in 48 ECPR patients and 332 CCPR patients. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECPR, extracorporeal CPR; CCPR, conventional CPR; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ED, emergency department; SAPS, simplified acute physiologic score; ROSB, return of spontaneous heart beat; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; CPC, cerebral performance category; LOS, length of stay.