Table 4.
Comparison of the baseline characteristics according to good neurologic outcome in the mECPR group (n = 52)
| CPC 1, 2 (n = 8) | CPC 3 to 5 (n = 44) | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 37 (22 to 54) | 56 (43 to 70) | 0.014 |
| Male : female, n | 7 : 1 | 33 : 11 | 0.663 |
| Pre-existing comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 13 (29.5) | 0.177 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 2 (25.0) | 13 (29.5) | 1.000 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Neurologic disease | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes | 1 (12.5) | 10 (22.7) | 1.000 |
| Malignancy | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.154 |
| Number of pre-existing comorbidities | 0 (0 to 1) | 1 (0 to 2) | 0.135 |
| Comorbidity score | 0 (0 to 1) | 0 (0 to 1) | 0.367 |
| Witnessed, n (%) | 8 (100) | 34 (77.3) | 0.328 |
| Bystander CPR, n (%) | 5 (62.5) | 17 (38.6) | 0.260 |
| First documented arrest rhythm, n (%) | 0.191 | ||
| VF/VT | 6 (75.0) | 25 (56.8) | |
| PEA | 2 (25.0) | 6 (13.6) | |
| Asystole | 0 (0) | 13 (29.5) | |
| Arrest to CPR start, minutes | 6.0 (1.0 to 13.8) | 7.0 (0.3 to 12.8) | 0.794 |
| CPR duration, minutes | 57.0 (52.3 to 65.8) | 67 (49 to 94) | 0.432 |
| Pre-hospital duration | 14.0 (11.0 to 19.0) | 13.0 (6.0 to 17.0) | 0.525 |
| In-hospital duration | 38.5 (31.8 to 51.0) | 51.0 (37.0 to 82.5) | 0.233 |
| Any ROSC events during CPR | 4 (50.0) | 12 (27.3) | 0.231 |
| At the time of admission to ED | |||
| SAPS II* | 87 (85 to 94) | 91 (88 to 98) | 0.140 |
| arterial pH* | 6.90 (6.81 to 7.04) | 6.98 (6.86 to 7.05) | 0.373 |
| Serum lactate* | 11.2 (9.3 to 16.5) | 11.5 (8.5 to 14.9) | 0.766 |
| Reason for ECPR | 0.593 | ||
| Refractory arrest, n (%) | 6 (75.0) | 38 (86.4) | |
| Recurrent arrest, n (%) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (13.6) | |
| Location of ECPR implantation | |||
| ED : catheterization room, n | 2 : 6 | 18 : 26 | 0.463 |
| Final diagnosis of arrest, n (%) | 0.191 | ||
| Cardiac | 8 (100) | 40 (90.3) | |
| ACS/AMI | 5 (62.5) | 31 (70.5) | |
| Lethal arrhythmia | 2 (25.0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| HF, HCMP, DCMP | 0 (0) | 3 (6.8) | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 (12.5) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Unknown sudden arrest | 0 (0) | 4 (9.1) | |
| Non-cardiac | 0 (0) | 4 (9.1) | |
| Respiratory arrest | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Hypothermia | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Acute kidney injury | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Brain hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Witnessed + no asystole | 8 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 0.015 |
Data are shown as median (IQR) or number (%). *Measured in eight patients with CPC 1, 2 and 40 patients with CPC 3 to 5. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECPR, extracorporeal CPR; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ED, emergency department; SAPS, simplified acute physiologic score; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; HCMP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; DCMP, dilated cardiomyopathy.