Table 2.
Costs and effectiveness outcomes of the Active Plus intervention conditions at 12 months follow-up
| Mean costs (SD) 12 months | 95% CI | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost category | Unit cost price a | C | PB | PE | WB | WE | PB-C | PE-C | WB-C | WE-C | PE-PB | WE-WB | PB-WB | PE-WE |
| Intervention costs | - | 0 | 25.77 | 31.21 | 15.53 | 18.83 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Health care costs | 1682 (200) | 1423 (131) | 1320 (162) | 1437 (129) | 1406 (189) | −739 to 181 | −873 to 122 | −733 to 201 | −813 to 267 | −508 to 315 | −452 to 434 | −372 to 349 | −593 to 397 | |
| General practitioner | 29.02b | 126 (11) | 122 (7) | 117 (9) | 125 (9) | 143 (11) | −29 to 21 | −36 to 18 | −30 to 25 | −13 to 48 | −25 to 17 | −8 to 47 | −25 to 19 | −55 to 1 |
| Life style coach | 27.98b | 16 (4) | 16 (4) | 18 (5) | 20 (5) | 33 (10) | −12 to 12 | −12 to 15 | −8 to 18 | −2 to 39 | −11 to 15 | −8 to 35 | −17 to 8 | −38 to 5 |
| Paramedical care | 35.96b | 298 (36) | 285 (34) | 191 (23) | 281 (32) | 233 (32) | −111 to 85 | −195 to −27* | −112 to 80 | −158 to 28 | −175 to −14* | −137 to 40 | −87 to 95 | −121 to 36 |
| Mental health care | 82.92b | 48 (19) | 58 (31) | 20 (7) | 67 (20) | 38 (11) | −53 to 92 | −72 to 8 | −36 to 72 | −55 to 30 | −112 to 7 | −76 to 14 | −73 to 71 | −43 to 6 |
| Company doctor | 72.48c | 15 (4) | 14 (5) | 11 (4) | 23 (6) | 7 (3) | −13 to 12 | −14 to 7 | −6 to 23 | −18 to 1 | −15 to 9 | −30 to −3* | −25 to 7 | −4 to 14 |
| Social worker | 67.37b | 4 (2) | 10 (8) | 12 (9) | 28 (14) | 5 (2) | −5 to 25 | −5 to 29 | 1 to 57* | −5 to 8 | −20 to 25 | −55 to 1 | −52 to 12 | −7 to 29 |
| Practice nurse | 15.81b | 5 (1) | 4 (2) | 10 (4) | 12 (3) | 10 (2) | −4 to 3 | −2 to 15 | 2 to 15* | 0 to 10 | −2 to 16 | −12 to 5 | −17 to −2* | −8 to 11 |
| Medical specialist | 74.62b | 135 (11) | 120 (11) | 130 (11) | 138 (11) | 150 (14) | −44 to 15 | −35 to 27 | −27 to 34 | −18 to 50 | −21 to 41 | −22 to 47 | −48 to 13 | −57 to 15 |
| Hospital admission | 473.65b | 418 (75) | 366 (98) | 374 (114) | 291 (56) | 427 (131) | −285 to 201 | −288 to 243 | −317 to 52 | −258 to 334 | −281 to 306 | −105 to 444 | −128 to 307 | −401 to 288 |
| Medication | Varyingd | 346 (56) | 271 (29) | 329 (84) | 340 (70) | 308 (98) | −208 to 40 | −195 to 201 | −177 to 184 | −229 to 215 | −84 to 258 | −256 to 229 | −234 to 60 | −249 to 266 |
| Paid homecare | 35.84b | 270 (119) | 172 (28) | 116 (28) | 99 (31) | 88 (20) | −379 to 93 | −428 to 34 | −451 to 19 | −461 to 2 | −134 to 21 | −87 to 59 | −8 to 156 | −39 to 97 |
| Other health care | Varyinge | 24 (14) | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 24 (13) | 6 (2) | −51 to 2 | −50 to 2 | −39 to 38 | −50 to 4 | −5 to 5 | −49 to 2 | −50 to 1 | −6 to 4 |
| Participant & family costs | 567 (47) | 604 (57) | 631 (70) | 648 (68) | 585 (59) | −106 to 187 | −99 to 231 | −76 to 244 | −128 to 169 | −152 to 209 | −243 to 112 | −215 to 120 | −134 to 232 | |
| Physical activity costs | - | 371 (30) | 387 (39) | 363 (33) | 349 (36) | 285 (30) | −81 to 111 | −94 to 81 | −115 to 75 | −169 to −1* | −126 to 77 | −158 to 27 | −69 to 140 | −8 to 167 |
| Travel costs | Varyingb | 75 (6) | 71 (6) | 61 (5) | 79 (6) | 74 (6) | −19 to 12 | −28 to 1 | −12 to 21 | −18 to 16 | −25 to 5 | −21 to 13 | −24 to 9 | −29 to 3 |
| Unpaid homecare | 12.80b | 126 (32) | 155 (40) | 218 (63) | 230 (57) | 235 (51) | −69 to 135 | −41 to 242 | −16 to 236 | −9 to 229 | −80 to 219 | −154 to 146 | −218 to 54 | −172 to 147 |
| Productivity losses | - | 485 (117) | 369 (118) | 296 (102) | 986 (246) | 526 (159) | −443 to 214 | −498 to 113 | 12 to 1068* | −334 to 448 | −383 to 230 | −1047 to 99 | −1179 to −124* | −632 to 114 |
| Societal costs | - | 2737 (258) | 2448 (204) | 2306 (223) | 3052 (301) | 2516 (273) | −936 to 345 | −1098 to 235 | −451 to 1090 | −966 to 521 | −737 to 454 | −1338 to 256 | −1339 to 100 | −912 to 444 |
| Mean effects (SD) 12 months | ||||||||||||||
| Effectiveness outcomes | C | PB | PE | WB | WE | F | P | |||||||
| Δ MET hours PA/week | −2.2 (29.1) | 3.0 (28.2) | 2.7 (27.9) | 0.7 (27.8) | −0.4 (31.6) | 2.39 | 0.05 | |||||||
| Δ Minutes MVPA/week | −72.1 (500.9) | 3.1 (533.8) | 37.7 (506.1) | −32.8 (445.2) | −39.8 (522.7) | 2.96 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Δ days with sufficient PA | 0.1 (1.7) | 0.4 (1.7) | 0.5 (1.6) | 0.0 (1.4) | 0.2 (1.3) | 5.87 | 0.00 | |||||||
| QALY-EQ-5D-3L | 0.884 (0.164) | 0.876 (0.155) | 0.883 (0.160) | 0.883 (0.162) | 0.888 (0.165) | 0.339 | 0.85 | |||||||
C = control group, PB = printed basic intervention, PE = printed environmental intervention, WB = Web-based basic intervention, WE = Web-based environmental intervention.
aUnit cost prices are indexed to 2011 costs, based on consumer price index [44]; bbased on Dutch guidelines [27]; cbased on Collective Agreement for company doctors in the Netherlands (2002); dadapted from www.medicijnkosten.nl based on Defined Daily Dose [43]; eadapted from several resources including Hakkaart – van Roijen et al. [27], detailed specification available upon request; *Significant difference (the 95% CI does not include zero).