Table 1.

Description of the study participants, showing analysis of sex differences by χ ²

	Total		Men		Women
	N	%	N	%	N	%	χ 2	p
Year of survey
2004	43 589	51.7	20 060	52.0	23 529	51.5	276.08	<0.001
2008	40 674	48.3	18 499	48.0	22 175	48.5	332.23	<0.001
Age, years
18–24	6630	7.9	2665	6.9	3965	8.7	254.90	<0.001
25–34	9958	11.8	4030	10.5	5928	13.0	361.76	<0.001
35–44	11 488	13.6	4975	12.9	6513	14.3	205.91	<0.001
45–54	12 630	15.0	5494	14.2	7136	15.6	213.47	<0.001
55–64	15 482	18.4	7336	19.0	8146	17.8	42.38	<0.001
65–74	16 974	20.1	8769	22.7	8205	18.0	18.74	<0.001
75–84	11 101	13.2	5290	13.7	5811	12.7	24.45	<0.001
Country of birth
Sweden	74 659	88.6	34 307	89.0	40 352	88.3	489.45	<0.001
Other country in Scandinavia	4431	5.3	1848	4.8	2583	5.7	121.92	<0.001
Country outside of Scandinavia	5173	6.1	2404	6.2	2769	6.1	25.75	<0.001
Employment status
Employed	34 349	40.8	15 815	41.0	18 534	40.6	215.23	<0.001
Self-employed	4428	5.4	3089	8.0	1339	2.9	691.62	<0.001
On parental leave	1471	1.7	144	0.4	1327	2.9	951.39	<0.001
On leave, other reasons	85	0.1	34	0.1	51	0.1	3.40	0.065
Full-time housewife/husband	752	0.9	93	0.2	659	1.4	426.01	<0.001
Student	4239	5.0	1458	3.8.	2781	6.1	412.91	<0.001
Unemployed	2831	3.4	1172	3.0	1659	3.6	83.78	<0.001
On sick leave/early retirement	4809	5.7	1675	4.3	3134	6.9	442.65	<0.001
Old-age pension	25 702	30.5	13 048	33.8	12 654	27.7	6.04	0.014
Other	3023	3.6	1091	2.8	1932	4.2	233.97	<0.001
Missing data	2574	3.1	940	2.4	1634	3.6	187.12	<0.001
Other chronic disease
Yes	25 836	30.7	11 525	29.9	14 311	31.3	300.43	<0.001
No	55 269	65.6	25 645	66.5	29 624	64.8	286.46	<0.001
Missing data	3158	3.7	1389	3.6	1769	3.9	45.73	<0.001
Financial stress
No financial stress	59 348	70.4	29 026	75.3	30 322	66.3	28.30	<0.001
Medium financial stress	15 740	18.7	6015	15.6	9725	21.3	874.47	<0.001
High financial stress	6758	8.0	2525	6.5	4233	9.3	431.68	<0.001
Missing data	2417	2.9	993	2.6	1424	3.1	76.86	<0.001
Tangible social support
High social support	70 757	84.0	31 760	82.4	38 997	85.3	740.20	<0.001
Low social support	11 793	14.0	6007	15.6	5786	12.7	4.14	0.042
Missing data	1713	2.0	792	2.1	921	2.0	9.72	0.002
Psychological well-being
Normal/high	70 218	83.3	33 639	87.2	36 579	80.0	123.10	<0.001
Reduced	13 465	16.0	4648	12.1	8817	19.3	1290.80	<0.001
Missing data	580	0.7	272	0.7	308	0.7	2.23	0.135
Psychosomatic symptoms
Few-medium symptoms	69 582	82.6	34 242	88.8	35 340	77.3	17.33	<0.001
Many symptoms	13 925	16.5	4000	10.4	9925	21.7	2521.05	<0.001
Missing data	756	0.9	317	0.8	439	1.0	19.69	<0.001
Financial stress—tangible social support
No stress—high support	51 792	61.5	24 856	64.5	26 936	58.9	83.53	<0.001
Medium stress—high support	12 742	15.1	4689	12.2	8053	17.6	888.13	<0.001
High stress—high support	4900	65.8	1700	4.4	3200	7.0	459.18	<0.001
No stress—low support	6902	8.2	3843	10.0	3059	6.7	89.06	<0.001
Medium stress—low support	2724	3.2	1215	3.2	1509	3.3	31.73	<0.001
High stress—low support	1788	2.1	792	2.1	996	2.2	23.28	<0.001
Missing data	3415	4.1	1464	3.8	1951	4.3	69.45	<0.001