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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 8.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Enzymol. 2014;542:349–367. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416618-9.00018-2

Figure 1. Simplified scheme for intracellular redox systems.

Figure 1

NADH produced during glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is consumed by the electron transfer chain. NADPH generated by the catalysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is utilized to reduce oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase (GR) or oxidized thioredoxin (Trx) by thioredoxin reductase (TR).