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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov-Dec;48(0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2013):S8–S11. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000230

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Cartoon depicting sub-epithelial dendritic cells extending their appendages between enterocytes into the intestinal lumen. These appendices, displaying TLRs, are activated by colonizing bacteria, mature and secrete cytokines which activate naïve T cells (TH0) to mature into a balanced T helper cell response (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg). (Reproduced with permission from reference 20.)