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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 8.
Published in final edited form as: Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2011 Aug;15(0):9–23. doi: 10.1188/11.S1.CJON.9-23

Table 3.

Bone Loss and Cancer Therapy

THERAPY TUMOR
Chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate or ifosfamide, and alkylating agents) Various malignancies (e.g., breast cancer, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
Glucocorticoids Various malignancies and autoimmune disorders
Hormone therapy (androgen-deprivation therapy, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors) Prostate, testicular, ovarian, and breast cancer
Radiation therapy Various malignancies
Stem cell transplantation Various malignancies
Surgical (bilateral orchiectomy and oophorectomy) Prostate, testicular, ovarian, and breast cancer

Note. From “Bone Loss and Fracture Risk Associated With Cancer Therapy,” by T.A. Guise, 2006, Oncologist 11, p. 1122. Copyright 2006 byAlphaMed Press. Adapted with permission.