Table 4.
Bladder cancer data: estimated coefficients and standard errors (in parentheses) in the shared subhazard frailty model for bladder cancer recurrence
| Variable | No-penalty | LASSO | SCAD | HL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x1: CHEMO=yes | −0.933 (0.187) | −0.666 (0.166) | −0.929 (0.182) | −0.785 (0.174) |
| x2 : Age > 65 years | −0.343 (0.147) | −0.214(0.120) | 0 (0) | −0.218 (0.119) |
| x3 : Sex=Female | 0.058 (0.208) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| x4: PRIORREC1 | 0.276 (0.249) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| x5: PRIORREC2 | 0.514(0.200) | 0.327 (0.149) | 0.395 (0.180) | 0.294 (0.150) |
| x6: NOTUM1 | 0.713 (0.168) | 0.494 (0.139) | 0.688 (0.164) | 0.593 (0.150) |
| x7: NOTUM2 | 1.307 (0.283) | 0.816 (0.229) | 1.293 (0.272) | 1.051 (0.249) |
| x8: TUM3CM ≥ 3 cm | 0.213 (0.175) | 0.060 (0.094) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| x9 : TLOCC=T1 | 0.171 (0.173) | 0.127 (0.115) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| x10: CIS=yes | 0.266 (0.278) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| x11 : GLOCAL1 | 0.474 (0.165) | 0.250(0.126) | 0.491 (0.159) | 0.384 (0.137) |
| x12:GLOCAL2 | 0.808 (0.274) | 0.347 (0.189) | 0.910 (0.250) | 0.610(0.222) |
HL, h-likelihood penalty function; CHEMO, main treatment (no, yes); Age, age at diagnosis (≤ 65 years, > 65 years); Sex (Male, Female); PRIORREC, prior recurrent rate (primary, ≤ 1 /yr, > 1 /yr); PRIORREC1=I(PRIORREC ≤ 1 /yr); PRIORREC2=I(PRIORREC > 1 /yr); NOTUM, number oftumors (single, 2-7 tumors, ≥ 8 tumors); NOTUM1=I(NOTUM = 2-7 tumors); NOTUM2=I(NOTUM ≥ 8 tumors); TUM3CM, tumor size (< 3 cm, ≥ 3 cm); TLOCC, T category (Ta, T1); CIS, carcinoma in situ (no, yes); GLOCAL, G grade (G1, G2, G3); GLOCAL1=I(GLOCAL=G2); GLOCAL2=I(GLOCAL=G3)