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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2014 Jul 19;3:14–21. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.07.002

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Hemolymph circulation and hemocyte-based immunity. Hemolymph enters the dorsal vessel (heart and aorta; red lines) through ostia (red circles) and is propelled in anterograde and retrograde directions. Hemocytes either circulate (green arrows showing extracardiac movement during anterograde heart flow) or are sessile. In response to infection, hemocytes aggregate in the regions surround the ostia, thus becoming periostial hemocytes. This diagram is based on the heart physiology study of Glenn et. al [78], and the immunity work of King and Hillyer [16,17].