Table 4.
Adjusted population mean intakes of DASH components (and their standard errors) across categories of PDQ by racial/ethnic group for the 2005–2006 NHANES population (age ≥19 years, n 4419)†
| Non-Hispanic Whites | Non-Hispanic Blacks | Mexican Americans | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High‡ (n 868) | Medium§ (n 929) | Low|| (n 530) | High‡ (n 299) | Medium§ (n 400) | Low|| (n 403) | High‡ (n 210) | Medium§ (n 385) | Low|| (n 395) | ||||||||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 33·1** | 0·4 | 34·9 | 0·4 | 34·4 | 0·5 | 32·8 | 0·5 | 34·4 | 0·7 | 33·7 | 0·8 | 32·0 | 1·1 | 31·6 | 0·7 | 31·5 | 0·7 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 10·9**** | 0·2 | 11·9 | 0·2 | 12·1 | 0·2 | 10·3 | 0·2 | 11·2 | 0·2 | 10·8 | 0·3 | 10·1 | 0·4 | 10·4 | 0·2 | 10·4 | 0·2 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 16·5*** | 0·3 | 15·7 | 0·2 | 14·9 | 0·2 | 15·6* | 0·4 | 16·1 | 0·4 | 14·7 | 0·2 | 15·8 | 0·6 | 15·8 | 0·4 | 16·4 | 0·3 |
| Cholesterol (mg/4184 kJ)¶ | 136·2 | 5·1 | 133·8 | 2·8 | 126·2 | 4·5 | 142·4 | 4·4 | 151·9 | 6·7 | 136·1 | 6·0 | 134·4 | 10·6 | 163·5 | 6·7 | 145·0 | 8·6 |
| Fibre (g/4184 kJ)¶ | 8·9**** | 0·2 | 7·4 | 0·2 | 6·8 | 0·2 | 7·4*** | 0·2 | 6·6 | 0·3 | 6·2 | 0·2 | 9·1 | 0·4 | 9·3 | 0·3 | 9·1 | 0·3 |
| Mg (mg/4184 kJ)¶ | 162·5**** | 4·0 | 144·2 | 2·1 | 132·2 | 3·4 | 137·9*** | 3·8 | 128·6 | 4·9 | 117·2 | 3·4 | 159·3 | 6·0 | 149·7 | 2·9 | 144·2 | 3·9 |
| Ca (mg/4184 kJ)¶ | 484·6 | 13·6 | 463·4 | 8·6 | 452·3 | 13·1 | 403·8 | 22·3 | 388·3 | 11·5 | 356·0 | 9·6 | 469·9 | 17·2 | 435·5 | 16·5 | 434·8 | 17·4 |
| K (mg/4184 kJ)¶ | 1482·5*** | 27·0 | 1335·5 | 14·2 | 1253·1 | 36·4 | 1298·0*** | 28·2 | 1158·7 | 24·0 | 1085·8 | 29·1 | 1305·2 | 56·4 | 1327·6 | 31·9 | 1273·7 | 34·1 |
| Na (mg/4184 kJ)¶ | 1637·1 | 39·7 | 1682·7 | 21·4 | 1641·0 | 28·7 | 1563·7 | 42·5 | 1622·9 | 27·0 | 1554·7 | 39·2 | 1519·9 | 71·5 | 1519·5 | 21·9 | 1513·9 | 32·8 |
| DASH index score (9 points maximum) | 3·0** | 0·1 | 2·6 | 0·1 | 2·5 | 0·1 | 2·7** | 0·1 | 2·3 | 0·1 | 2·2 | 0·1 | 3·1 | 0·2 | 3·0 | 0·1 | 2·9 | 0·1 |
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PDQ, perceived diet quality.
P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001, ****P < 0·0001 across PDQ levels; PDQ represents the answer to the question ‘In general, how healthy is your overall diet?’ on a 5-point Likert scale with possible answers ranging from ‘excellent’ to ‘poor’.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education and poverty income ratio.
High represents ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ PDQ.
Medium represents ‘good’ PDQ.
Low represents ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ PDQ.
4184 kJ=1000 kcal.