Table 4.

Multiple regression results for all European urban extents, 2000

Variable	Total CO2-eq emissions
Population	1.43*** (0.029)
Income	0.21*** (0.053)
Density	−0.653*** (0.058)
Growth rate	−3.758 (2.707)
Local climate	0.003 (0.007)
Constant	0.069 (0.341)
Indicator variables	Yes (40 categories)
Observations	1136
Model fit	F(5,1091) = 917.25*** RMSE = 0.7566
Adj-R 2	0.7983

Estimated with ordinary least squares regression; robust standard errors reported in parentheses; all variables natural log transformed

* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001