Table 2.
The association of frailty and psychosocial factors with outcomes
| 12-Month mortality ( n=40 of 172) | Discharged to higher level care ( n=70 of 163) | Long GEMU LOS (> 12 days) (n=97 of 172) | 1-month emergency rehospitalisation (n=38 of 163) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Frailty | 3.16 (1.36-7.33) | n.a. | 2.40 (1.21-4.78) | n.a. | 2.04 (1.07-3.88) | n.a. | 2.53 (1.10-5.82) | n.a. |
| Demographic characteristic | ||||||||
| Lives alone | 0.79 (0.39-1.60) | 0.83 (0.42-1.68) | 1.01 (0.52-1.97) | 1.12 (0.56-2.22) | 1.01 (0.53-1.91) | 1.08 (0.56-2.06) | 1.10 (0.51-2.39) | 1.02 (0.46-2.23) |
| unmarried | 1.14 (0.51 -2.52) | 0.91 (0.38-2.17) | 0.92 (0.46-1.86) | 0.90 (0.44-1.85) | 1.51 (0.77-2.97) | 1.52 (0.77-3.03) | 1.89 (0.85-4.20) | 1.90 (0.84-4.29) |
| Psychosocial characteristic † | ||||||||
| Anxiety (GAI-SF>3) | 1.79 (0.85-3.78) | 1.56 (0.74-3.26) | 1.25 (0.64-2.46) | 1.59 (0.78-3.26) | 0.72 (0.38-1.36) | 0.87 (0.44-1.69) | 0.70 (0.32-1.53) | 0.83 (0.37-1.87) |
| Depression (GDS-SF>6) | 1.50 (0.65-3.45) | 1.49 (0.66-3.37) | 1.07 (0.53-2.14) | 0.88 (0.43-1.81) | 1.39 (0.72-2.70) | 1.21 (0.61-2.40) | 1.26 (0.57-2.80) | 1.02 (0.44-2.33) |
| Wellbeing (poor) | 1.91 (0.88-4.15) | 1.84 (0.86-3.92) | 2.81 (1.30-6.06) | 2.26 (1.01-5.04) | 1.28 (0.52-3.15) | 0.96 (0.37-2.45) | 2.12 (1.00-4.50) | 1.70 (0.77-3.73) |
| Sense of control (poor) | 2.97 (1.29-6.83) | 2.30 (0.94-5.64) | 3.22 (1.54-6.72) | 2.66 (1.25-6.00) | 2.17 (1.07-4.41) | 1.80 (0.86-3.76) | 2.02 (0.88-4.64) | 1.68 (0.71-3.94) |
| Social activities (poor) | 0.92 (0.20-4.29) | 0.77 (0.17-3.51) | 3.36 (1.01-11.22) | 2.94 (0.86-10.05) | 1.04 (0.36-3.03) | 0.88 (0.29-2.63) | 0.40 (0.12-1.33) | 0.31 (0.85-1.09) |
| Social relationships (poor) | 1.99 (0.79–5.04) | 1.68 (0.66-4.31) | 1.87 (0.86-4.09) | 2.01 (0.91-4.46) | 0.64 (0.30-1.37) | 0.60 (0.28-1.30) | 0.68 (0.26-1.78) | 0.63 (0.24-1.67) |
Model 1 controlled for age, gender and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index; Model 2 controlled for age, gender Charlson’s Comorbidity Index and Frailty Status measured using Fried’s criteria.
†For each psychosocial factor with a ‘poor’ ranking, poor was considered as the lowest quartile.
Abbreviations: HR Hazard Ratio, CI confidence interval, n.a. not applicable, GAI-SF Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – Short Form, GDS-SF Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form, LOS Length of Stay, GEMU Geriatric Evaluation and Management Unit. Significant factors are highlighted in BOLD.