Table 2.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for all Plasmodium species combined and separate for P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale, Ratanakiri province, Cambodia 2012
| Malariometric variable | Plasmodium( all) | P. falciparum | P. vivax | P. malariae | P. ovale | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Level | OR | LCL | UCL | p-value | OR | LCL | UCL | p-value | OR | LCL | UCL | p-value | OR | LCL | UCL | p-value | OR | LCL | UCL | p-value |
| Age (years) | 0.0158 | 0.8396 | < 0.001 | 0.8691 | 0.0101 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 167 | 2-5 | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| 5-14 | 1.489 | 0.998 | 2.220 | 1.224 | 0.715 | 2.094 | 1.895 | 1.119 | 3.210 | 1.122 | 0.174 | 7.228 | 2.161 | 0.184 | 25.452 | ||||||
| 15-39 | 1.041 | 0.696 | 1.557 | 1.103 | 0.650 | 1.874 | 1.038 | 0.602 | 1.789 | 1.009 | 0.162 | 6.289 | 0.623 | 0.046 | 8.451 | ||||||
| ≥40 | 0.983 | 0.632 | 1.528 | 1.219 | 0.691 | 2.150 | 0.783 | 0.421 | 1.454 | 1.586 | 0.246 | 10.239 | 0.000 | 0.000 | Inf | ||||||
| Gender | 0.3252 | 0.2859 | 0.8635 | 0.1787 | 0.8101 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 34 | male | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| female | 0.896 | 0.719 | 1.117 | 0.856 | 0.639 | 1.147 | 0.976 | 0.732 | 1.300 | 0.550 | 0.197 | 1.535 | 0.876 | 0.270 | 2.845 | ||||||
| Ethnicity | 0.0246 | 0.0344 | 0.1698 | 0.1913 | 0.3692 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 49 | Khmer | reference | reference | reference | reference* | reference | |||||||||||||||
| Ethnic Minority | 2.806 | 0.968 | 8.136 | 3.586 | 0.799 | 16.086 | 2.118 | 0.611 | 7.343 | - | - | - | 0.317 | 0.025 | 4.075 | ||||||
| Axillary Temp | 0.0098 | 0.0228 | 0.0782 | 0.6108 | 0.1312 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 74 | < 37,5 | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| ≥ 37,5 | 2.043 | 1.210 | 3.451 | 2.280 | 1.176 | 4.419 | 1.916 | 0.964 | 3.808 | 1.775 | 0.169 | 18.610 | 4.308 | 0.741 | 25.031 | ||||||
| Sleeping time | 0.1125 | 0.6625 | 0.1707 | 0.8935 | 0.7539 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 61 | < 20:00 | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| ≥ 20:00 | 0.821 | 0.644 | 1.048 | 0.932 | 0.674 | 1.288 | 0.807 | 0.592 | 1.101 | 0.938 | 0.309 | 2.840 | 1.206 | 0.335 | 4.337 | ||||||
| Waking up | 0.6931 | 0.8017 | 0.6903 | 0.9341 | 0.8096 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 64 | ≤ 05:00 | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| > 05:00 | 0.951 | 0.739 | 1.225 | 1.042 | 0.751 | 1.446 | 1.067 | 0.772 | 1.475 | 1.040 | 0.354 | 3.052 | 0.867 | 0.240 | 3.135 | ||||||
| Overnight plothut | 0.0014 | < 0.001 | 0.0798 | < 0.001 | 0.4792 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 55 | NO | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| YES | 1.499 | 1.165 | 1.930 | 1.968 | 1.390 | 2.786 | 1.322 | 0.958 | 1.824 | 7.539 | 1.357 | 41.895 | 1.592 | 0.354 | 7.162 | ||||||
| Overnight forest | 0.3778 | 0.2161 | 0.8208 | 0.8327 | 0.8543 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 62 | NO | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| YES | 1.150 | 0.852 | 1.551 | 1.272 | 0.870 | 1.865 | 0.955 | 0.636 | 1.435 | 0.877 | 0.208 | 3.687 | 0.865 | 0.155 | 4.823 | ||||||
| Use of bednet | 0.2748 | 0.1393 | 0.4405 | 0.2752 | 0.0601 | ||||||||||||||||
| NA = 97 | NO | reference | reference | reference | reference | reference | |||||||||||||||
| YES | 0.774 | 0.492 | 1.218 | 0.649 | 0.370 | 1.138 | 0.794 | 0.443 | 1.423 | 0.362 | 0.106 | 1.242 | 0.186 | 0.028 | 1.215 | ||||||
OR represents Odds Ratio statistics with respect to the reference category and LCL and UCL represent lower and upper 95% confidence limits based on a total sample size of N = 5793 individuals from 117 villages.
*No P. malariae cases were observed in the Khmer Ethnic population.
NA = number of individuals for which the variable was lacking.
Inf = infinity.