Figure 2. cGAMP promotes the antigen-specific cytokine production by spleen cells of immunized mice.

Mice were immunized with OVA alone or adjuvanted with CTB, c-di-AMP or cGAMP. Spleen cells of these mice were re-stimulated with OVA and analyzed for the production of the cytokines (A) IFN-γ, (B) IL-2, (C) IL-4 and (D) IL-17 in ELISPOT assays. The number of spots is given for 10⁶ cells. The error bars represent the SEM of three independent experiments with five mice per group per experiment. Significant differences between select groups are indicated with * for p<0.05 and *** for p<0.001. (E) IL-17 producing cells were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Shown are the fluorescence signals on dot plots of cells with intracellular presence of IL-17 as percentage of 95700 gated CD3⁺/CD4⁺ cells.