. 2014 Sep 20;15:308. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-308

Table 2.

Work and social/walking heels from the GOAL interview

GOAL interview: Female heel types		Groups			Risk of knee OA		Risk of hip OA
GOAL interview: Female heel types		Control	Knee OA	Hip OA	Univariate	Adjusted	Univariate	Adjusted
21-30 yrs	Low or flat (ref)	374	379	401	0.52 (0.35 - 0.78)**	0.76 (0.46 - 1.27)	0.55 (0.37 - 0.81)**	0.82 (0.44 - 1.17)
	High	78	41	46	0.52 (0.35 - 0.78)**	0.76 (0.46 - 1.27)	0.55 (0.37 - 0.81)**	0.82 (0.44 - 1.17)
	Wide (ref)	393	394	408	0.78 (0.56 - 1.08)	0.99 (0.65 - 1.51)	0.69 (0.48 - 0.93)*	0.82 (0.54 - 1.24)
	Narrow	101	79	70	0.78 (0.56 - 1.08)	0.99 (0.65 - 1.51)	0.69 (0.48 - 0.93)*	0.82 (0.54 - 1.24)
21-50 yrs	Low or flat (ref)	441	447	455	0.55 (0.33 - 0.90)*	0.53 (0.27 - 1.01)	0.43 (0.26 - 0.74)**	0.64 (0.34 - 1.18)
	High	47	26	21	0.55 (0.33 - 0.90)*	0.53 (0.27 - 1.01)	0.43 (0.26 - 0.74)**	0.64 (0.34 - 1.18)
	Wide (ref)	410	429	432	0.69 (0.45 - 1.04)	0.59 (0.35 - 1.00)	0.54 (0.35 - 0.84)**	0.50 (0.30 - 0.85)*
	Narrow	60	43	34	0.69 (0.45 - 1.04)	0.59 (0.35 - 1.00)	0.54 (0.35 - 0.84)**	0.50 (0.30 - 0.85)*

Data taken from the GOAL study interview. Predominant footwear (during work and also socialising or walking) and risks of OA (adjustments performed for age, BMI in 20’s, occupational risk and previous injury to index joint. **-p < 0.01, *-p < 0.05. Reference groups (ref) indicated within table. Statistical significance is highlighted in bold.