Figure 8.

Negative design in the multiscale evolutionary model. Nonfunctional interaction energy histograms showing the contribution fraction of hydrophobic interactions (A) and electrostatic interactions (B) for lattice protein simulations. Multi and Singlish hub systems are shown in black and blue, respectively. Nonhub systems are shown in magenta. Bin sizes used to generate hydrophobic energy histograms and charge energy histograms were $dx=0.01$ and $dx=0.005$, respectively. (C) Statistics of hydrophobicity histograms expressed as mean ± variance. (D) Statistics of electrostatic histograms expressed as mean ± variance. The p values were extracted using the KS test. Only significant values $\left(p<0.05\right)$ are noted. To see this figure in color, go online.