Fig. 1. Chromatin modifications in histone tails.
Covalent histone modification is a highly regulated process and directly linked to diverse biological functions, such as transcription regulation, cell cycle progress, and genomic imprinting. Histones are small highly conserved basic proteins. Histone modifications include acetylation, deacetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation; and mostly occur in the N-terminal tails that are highly K and R rich.