Table 5.

Comparison between the proposed scheme and reviewed schemes.

Scheme	ROI-based	Embedding distortion inside ROI	Spotting tampers inside ROI	Accurate identification of tampered blocks	Recovery of tampered blocks inside ROI or image
Zain and Fauzi [2]	No	—	No	No	With average intensity of blocks
Wu et al. [6]	Yes	No	No	No	With JPEG compressed form of ROI
Chiang et al. [7]	Yes	No	No	No	With average intensity of blocks
Liew and Zain [3], Liew et al. [4]	Yes	Yes	No	No	With average intensity of blocks
Memon et al. [15]	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Tjokorda Agung and Permana [5]	Yes	Yes	No	No	With average intensity of blocks
Al-Qershi and Khoo [8]	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	With compressed form of ROI
Al-Qershi and Khoo [17]	Yes	No	Yes	No	With original pixels of blocks
Al-Qershi and Khoo [16]	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	With compressed form of ROI
Deng et al. [9]	No	—	No	No	With linear interpolation of pixels of blocks
Kim et al. [19]	No	—	No	No	With average intensity of blocks
Proposed method	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	With original pixels of blocks