Table 4.
Percent difference in IGF-axis protein levels per percent increase in biomarker estimated from linear regression models (n=558)
| Biomarker, % difference | Total IGF-I , % difference | Free IGF-I , % difference | IGFBP-1 , % difference | IGFBP-2 , % difference | IGFBP-3 , % difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.05 (−0.06 to −0.03) | −0.10 (−0.14 to −0.06) | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) | −0.10 (−0.13 to −0.08) | 0 (−0.02 to 0.01) |
| Model 2 | −0.04 (−0.05 to −0.02) | −0.09 (−0.13 to −0.06) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05) | −0.05 (−0.08 to −0.03) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01) |
| Model 3 | −0.04 (−0.06 to −0.02) | −0.10 (−0.14 to −0.06) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.06) | −0.06 (−0.09 to −0.03) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0) |
| Adiponectin | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.06 (−0.12 to −0.01) | −0.18 (−0.30 to −0.05) | 0.64 (0.50 to 0.78) | 0.49 (0.38 to 0.59) | −0.07 (−0.11 to −0.03) |
| Model 2 | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0) | −0.09 (−0.22 to 0.04) | 0.33 (0.21 to 0.45) | 0.37 (0.27 to 0.47) | −0.06 (−0.10 to −0.02) |
| Model 3 | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.15 to 0.11) | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.28) | 0.27 (0.18 to 0.36) | −0.06 (−0.10 to −0.02) |
| Resistin | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.02 (−0.08 to 0.04) | 0.05 (−0.08 to 0.18) | −0.24 (−0.38 to −0.09) | −0.14 (−0.24 to −0.04) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) |
| Model 2 | −0.02 (−0.08 to 0.03) | 0 (−0.12 to 0.12) | 0 (−0.14 to 0.13) | −0.03 (−0.14 to 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) |
| Model 3 | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.13 to 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.10 to 0.15) | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.03) |
| Leptin | |||||
| Model 1 | 0 (−0.04 to 0.03) | 0.04 (−0.05 to 0.12) | −0.46 (−0.54 to 0.37) | −0.38 (−0.43 to −0.32) | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.06) |
| Model 2 | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.06) | 0 (−0.11 to 0.11) | −0.15 (−0.24 to −0.05) | −0.25 (−0.33 to −0.18) | 0.04 (0 to 0.07) |
| Model 3 | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.09 to 0.13) | −0.06 (−0.15 to 0.04) | −0.15 (−0.22 to −0.07) | 0.04 (0 to 0.08) |
| sOb-R | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.21 (−0.30 to −0.12) | −0.58 (−0.81 to −0.35) | 1.46 (1.27 to 1.66) | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.81) | −0.10 (−0.17 to −0.04) |
| Model 2 | −0.17 (−0.27 to −0.06) | −0.33 (−0.58 to −0.08) | 0.84 (0.64 to 1.04) | 0.52 (0.34 to 0.71) | −0.06 (−0.13 to 0.01) |
| Model 3 | −0.20 (−0.31 to −0.09) | −0.42 (−0.68 to −0.17) | 0.73 (0.51 to 0.95) | 0.27 (0.09 to 0.45) | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.04) |
| Insulin | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) | 0.06 (−0.03 to 0.16) | −0.44 (−0.56 to −0.32) | −0.33 (−0.40 to −0.26) | 0.02 (0 to 0.05) |
| Model 2 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.11) | −0.24 (−0.32 to −0.15) | −0.23 (−0.30 to −0.16) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) |
| Model 3 | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02) | −0.07 (−0.18 to 0.04) | −0.17 (−0.27 to −0.08) | −0.16 (−0.23 to −0.09) | 0 (−0.04 to 0.03) |
| HbA1C% | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.33 (−0.08 to 0.74) | 1.58 (0.62 to 2.56) | −2.67 (−3.68 to −1.64) | −1.68 (−2.45 to −0.90) | 0.16 (−0.12 to 0.45) |
| Model 2 | 0.25 (−0.16 to 0.65) | 1.16 (0.23 to 2.10) | −1.12 (−1.94 to −0.28) | −1.08 (−1.77 to −0.40) | 0.05 (−0.25 to 0.34) |
| Model 3 | −0.07 (−0.56 to 0.41) | 0.58 (−0.54 to 1.72) | 0.14 (−0.84 to 1.13) | −0.58 (−1.29 to 0.14) | −0.07 (−0.42 to 0.29) |
| IL−18 | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.02 (−0.08 to 0.04) | 0.09 (−0.06 to 0.23) | −0.20 (−0.36 to −0.04) | −0.25 (−0.36 to −0.13) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) |
| Model 2 | −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05) | 0.09 (−0.06 to 0.23) | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.08) | −0.14 (−0.25 to −0.03) | 0 (−0.04 to 0.04) |
| Model 3 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 0.15 (0.01 to 0.29) | −0.10 (−0.23 to 0.02) | −0.15 (−0.24 to −0.05) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) |
Model 1: includes age and race/ethnicity
Model 2: Model 1 +menopausal status (pre/post), current hormone use (versus past/never), current smoking (versus past/never), BMI, and physical activity (continuous, METs/wk);
Model 3: Model 2 + CRP, adiponectin, resistin, leptin, sOb-R, insulin, HbA1C%, IL-18) +energy (kcal) + alcohol %kcal + dairy protein %kcal + fat %kcal (trans fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat)
*
Carbohydrate, total protein, and total fat were not included in the final model (Model 3)