Table I.
Anthropometrics, laboratory variables, and body fat content during the trial in the mixed population, i.e. without separate analysis depending on whether blueberries were consumed or not, n = 26. All laboratory variables, except S-CK and hs-CRP, were the mean of the analyses before and after the 5 km race that was performed at the beginning and at the end of both trial periods, i.e. the period of exercise or the period of minimal physical activity. There were no differences between the groups at baseline, i.e. baseline of exercise compared with baseline of exercise periods. P values correspond to Student's paired 2-tailed t test. The delta value is the level of a measurement at the end of the period minus the corresponding level at baseline for the same period.
| Variable | Baseline before exercise period | After 4 weeks of exercise | Baseline before minimal physical activity period | After 4 weeks of minimal physical activity | P for difference between the end of the two periods | P for difference of delta values between the two periods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | ||||||
| All | – | 70.3 ± 9.7 | – | 69.8 ± 9.7 | 0.010 | – |
| Women | – | 64.9 ± 11 | – | 64.6 ± 10 | 0.26 | – |
| Men | – | 73.7 ± 7.6 | – | 73.1 ± 7.9 | 0.022 | – |
| Body fat (kg) | ||||||
| All | – | 14.4 ± 8.3 | – | 14.4 ± 8.4 | 0.8 | – |
| Women | – | 19.1 ± 7.7 | – | 19.3 ± 7.8 | 0.43 | – |
| Men | – | 11.5 ± 7.5 | – | 11.3 ± 7.4 | 0.26 | – |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| All | – | 116 ± 10/73 ± 7.2 | – | 116 ± 11/72 ± 6.5 | 0.7/0.9 | – |
| Women | – | 112 ± 11/72 ± 8.7 | – | 107 ± 11/68 ± 5.1 | 0.067/0.13 | – |
| Men | – | 119 ± 8.5/73 ± 6.6 | – | 121 ± 6.6/75 ± 5.8 | 0.25/0.30 | – |
| S-LDL-chol (mmol/l) | ||||||
| All | 2.68 ± 0.73 | 2.62 ± 0.75 | 2.76 ± 0.69 | 2.77 ± 0.80 | 0.091 | 0.18 |
| Women | 2.46 ± 0.39 | 2.32 ± 0.33 | 2.77 ± 0.46 | 2.66 ± 0.40 | 0.042 | 0.063 |
| Men | 2.85 ± 0.89 | 2.80 ± 0.88 | 2.75 ± 0.85 | 2.85 ± 0.99 | 0.62 | 0.65 |
| S-HDL-chol (mmol/l) | ||||||
| All | 1.50 ± 0.34 | 1.55 ± 0.38 | 1.50 ± 0.36 | 1.50 ± 0.35 | 0.003 | 0.039 |
| Women | 1.70 ± 030 | 1.76 ± 0.33 | 1.70 ± 0.34 | 1.73 ± 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.34 |
| Men | 1.34 ± 0.28 | 1.43 ± 0.36 | 1.35 ± 0.30 | 1.34 ± 0.29 | 0.017 | 0.071 |
| S-triglycerides (mmol/l) | ||||||
| All | 0.94 ± 0.41 | 0.88 ± 0.31 | 0.91 ± 0.56 | 1.0 ± 0.45 | 0.046 | 0.036 |
| Women | 0.71 ± 0.29 | 0.70 ± 0.29 | 0.72 ± 0.23 | 0.85 ± 0.35 | 0.056 | 0.27 |
| Men | 1.1 ± 0.40 | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 1.1 ± 0.69 | 1.1 ± 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.087 |
| S-ApoB (g/l) | ||||||
| All | 0.875 ± 0.19 | 0.854 ± 0.19 | 0.891 ± 0.20 | 0.891 ± 0.21 | 0.082 | 0.21 |
| Women | 0.814 ± 0.08 | 0.784 ± 0.12 | 0.872 ± 0.12 | 0.855 ± 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.73 |
| Men | 0.925 ± 0.24 | 0.898 ± 0.22 | 0.905 ± 0.24 | 0.915 ± 0.25 | 0.39 | 0.23 |
| S-ApoA1 (g/l) | ||||||
| All | 1.38 ± 0.22 | 1.41 ± 0.23 | 1.35 ± 0.23 | 1.38 ± 0.23 | 0.058 | 0.71 |
| Women | 1.45 ± 0.25 | 1.50 ± 0.26 | 1.45 ± 0.25 | 1.49 ± 0.27 | 0.59 | 0.86 |
| Men | 1.32 ± 0.19 | 1.35 ± 0.20 | 1.28 ± 0.18 | 1.30 ± 0.16 | 0.063 | 0.76 |
| FS-glucose (mmol/l) | ||||||
| All | 5.15 ± 0.40 | 5.25 ± 0.27 | 5.17 ± 0.37 | 5.24 ± 0.36 | 0.9 | 0.85 |
| Women | 4.91 ± 0.38 | 5.14 ± 0.22 | 5.02 ± 0.27 | 5.18 ± 0.36 | 0.95 | 0.38 |
| Men | 5.35 ± 0.30 | 5.31 ± 0.28 | 5.28 ± 0.41 | 5.29 ± 0.37 | 0.92 | 0.77 |
| FS-insulin (pmol/l) | ||||||
| All | 57 ± 25 | 49 ± 17 | 54 ± 17 | 58 ± 17 | 0.015 | 0.009 |
| Women | 54 ± 25 | 49 ± 20 | 58 ± 19 | 62 ± 17 | 0.16 | 0.14 |
| Men | 59 ± 26 | 49 ± 16 | 51 ± 16 | 55 ± 17 | 0.044 | 0.038 |
| S-CK before race (µkat/l) | ||||||
| All | 2.50 ± 1.6 | 1.85 ± 0.71 | 3.00 ± 5.1 | 1.6 ± 0.62 | 0.024 | 0.48 |
| Women | 1.6 ± 0.98 | 1.8 ± 0.96 | 4.2 ± 7.7 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 0.16 | 0.29 |
| Men | 4.2 ± 4.3 | 2.0 ± 0.55 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.49 | 0.094 | 0.26 |
| S-CK after race (µkat/l) | ||||||
| All | 5.3 ± 5.0 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 4.2 | 3.6 ± 4.2 | 0.6 | 0.28 |
| Women | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 6.7 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 0.014 | 0.66 |
| Men | 7.8 ± 6.5 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 5.8 ± 5.0 | 4.7 ± 4.9 | 0.36 | 0.31 |
| Hs-CRP before race (mg/l) | ||||||
| All | 0.49 ± 0.59 | 0.42 ± 0.51 | 0.46 ± 0.52 | 0.58 ± 0.94 | 0.28 | 0.48 |
| Women | 0.63 ± 0.56 | 0.56 ± 0.70 | 0.68 ± 0.72 | 0.74 ± 1.1 | 0.41 | 0.91 |
| Men | 0.38 ± 0.61 | 0.35 ± 0.39 | 0.32 ± 0.31 | 0.52 ± 0.88 | 0.46 | 0.45 |
| Hs-CRP after race (mg/l) | ||||||
| All | 0.63 ± 0.58 | 0.45 ± 0.54 | 0.57 ± 0.62 | 0.72 ± 0.86 | 0.054 | 0.19 |
| Women | 0.73 ± 0.59 | 0.59 ± 0.79 | 0.82 ± 0.82 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.058 | 0.48 |
| Men | 0.56 ± 0.59 | 0.37 ± 0.35 | 0.41 ± 0.42 | 0.48 ± 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.27 |
| Troponin-T after race (ng/l) | ||||||
| All | 7.1 ± 5.7 | 5.3 ± 3.3 | 6.4 ± 6.7 | 5.2 ± 4.8 | 0.96 | 0.92 |
| Women | 6.8 ± 5.4 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 0.038 | 0.68 |
| Men | 7.2 ± 6.1 | 5.4 ± 3.7 | 8.3 ± 8.1 | 6.3 ± 5.6 | 0.53 | 0.86 |
Chol = cholesterol; CK = creatine kinase; FS = fasting serum; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; S = serum.